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Three ECSA Sub-lineages of Chikungunya Virus Reached Regional Dominance through Distinct Mosquito Adaptations
Chikungunya virus in the ECSA lineage has undergone marked genetic evolution during its global spread. Three sub-lineages reached regional dominance through different mosquito-adaptive strategies: ECSA-IOL shifted from Aedes albopictus to Aedes aegypti, ECSA-2.2 occupied the albopictus-adapted niche, and ECSA-2.1 expanded in the Americas with Aedes aegypti. The circular tree shows genomes downsampled by genotype and location. Branches and the outer ring show genotype: West African (teal), Asian (yellow), ECSA-1 (blue), ECSA-IOL (pink), ECSA-2.1 (light purple) and ECSA-2.2 (dark purple). Tip colours indicate sampling region. Liao et al. 2026
Image Credit: Yuhua Liao