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June 2021

Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium robertsii infect insects by formation of appressoria to penetrate host cuticles. After killing the insects, fungal mycelia will breach the cuticle again to sporulate on the surface of the body. This image shows a fruit fly killed and mycosed by M. robertsii. Along with the development of appressoria, the mucilaginous matrix will be produced to mediate cell adherence and secretion of cuticle-degrading enzymes. The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan biosynthesized by a conserved gene cluster is responsible for the production of appressorial mucilage. Mei et al.

Image Credit: Wang C, 2021

Opinion

Leveraging natural history biorepositories as a global, decentralized, pathogen surveillance network

Jocelyn P. Colella, John Bates, Santiago F. Burneo, M. Alejandra Camacho, Carlos Carrion Bonilla, Isabel Constable, Guillermo D’Elía, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Stephen Greiman, Eric P. Hoberg, Enrique Lessa, Schuyler W. Liphardt, Manuela Londoño-Gaviria, Elizabeth Losos, Holly L. Lutz, Nicté Ordóñez Garza, A. Townsend Peterson, María Laura Martin, Camila C. Ribas, Bruce Struminger, Fernando Torres-Pérez, Cody W. Thompson, Marcelo Weksler, Joseph A. Cook

Review

Diabetes and coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Molecular mechanism of Metformin intervention and the scientific basis of drug repurposing

Elizabeth Varghese, Samson Mathews Samuel, Alena Liskova, Peter Kubatka, Dietrich Büsselberg

Research Articles

Favipiravir-resistant influenza A virus shows potential for transmission

Daniel H. Goldhill, Ada Yan, Rebecca Frise, Jie Zhou, Jennifer Shelley, Ana Gallego Cortés, Shahjahan Miah, Omolola Akinbami, Monica Galiano, Maria Zambon, Angie Lackenby, Wendy S. Barclay

Single cell analyses reveal distinct adaptation of typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars to intracellular lifestyle

Tatjana Reuter, Felix Scharte, Rico Franzkoch, Viktoria Liss, Michael Hensel

Nonsterile immunity to cryptosporidiosis in infants is associated with mucosal IgA against the sporozoite and protection from malnutrition

Mamun Kabir, Masud Alam, Uma Nayak, Tuhinur Arju, Biplob Hossain, Rubaiya Tarannum, Amena Khatun, Jennifer A. White, Jennie Z. Ma, Rashidul Haque, William A. Petri Jr, Carol A. Gilchrist

Paratransgenic manipulation of a tsetse microRNA alters the physiological homeostasis of the fly’s midgut environment

Liu Yang, Brian L. Weiss, Adeline E. Williams, Emre Aksoy, Alessandra de Silva Orfano, Jae Hak Son, Yineng Wu, Aurelien Vigneron, Mehmet Karakus, Serap Aksoy

Highly-potent, synthetic APOBEC3s restrict HIV-1 through deamination-independent mechanisms

Mollie M. McDonnell, Suzanne C. Karvonen, Amit Gaba, Ben Flath, Linda Chelico, Michael Emerman

Emodepside targets SLO-1 channels of Onchocerca ochengi and induces broad anthelmintic effects in a bovine model of onchocerciasis

Germanus S. Bah, Sebastian Schneckener, Steffen R. Hahnel, Nicolas H. Bayang, Helena Fieseler, Gabriele M. Schmuck, Ralph Krebber, Anouk Sarr, Carsten Terjung, Henrietta F. Ngangyung, David D. Ekale, Youssouf M. Mfopit, Lucien Rufener, John Graham-Brown, Vincent N. Tanya, Martin Glenschek-Sieberth, Daniel Kulke, Benjamin L. Makepeace

Single cell analysis of host response to helminth infection reveals the clonal breadth, heterogeneity, and tissue-specific programming of the responding CD4+ T cell repertoire

Ivy K. Brown, Nathan Dyjack, Mindy M. Miller, Harsha Krovi, Cydney Rios, Rachel Woolaver, Laura Harmacek, Ting-Hui Tu, Brian P. O’Connor, Thomas Danhorn, Brian Vestal, Laurent Gapin, Clemencia Pinilla, Max A. Seibold, James Scott-Browne, Radleigh G. Santos, R. Lee Reinhardt

P300-mediated NEDD4 acetylation drives ebolavirus VP40 egress by enhancing NEDD4 ligase activity

Linliang Zhang, Shixiong Zhou, Majuan Chen, Jie Yan, Yi Yang, Linjuan Wu, Dongning Jin, Lei Yin, Mingzhou Chen, Yali Qin

Epigenetic Plasticity Enables CNS-Trafficking of EBV-infected B Lymphocytes

Samantha S. Soldan, Chenhe Su, R. Jason Lamontagne, Nicholas Grams, Fang Lu, Yue Zhang, James D. Gesualdi, Drew M. Frase, Lois E. Tolvinski, Kayla Martin, Troy E. Messick, Jonathan T. Fingerut, Ekaterina Koltsova, Andrew Kossenkov, Paul M. Lieberman

Dating first cases of COVID-19

David L. Roberts, Jeremy S. Rossman, Ivan Jarić

Molecular ruler of the attachment organelle in Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Daisuke Nakane, Kohki Murata, Tsuyoshi Kenri, Keigo Shibayama, Takayuki Nishizaka

Structural and genetic convergence of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated non-human primates

Fangping Cai, Wei-Hung Chen, Weimin Wu, Julia A. Jones, Misook Choe, Neelakshi Gohain, Xiaoying Shen, Celia LaBranche, Amanda Eaton, Laura Sutherland, Esther M. Lee, Giovanna E. Hernandez, Nelson R. Wu, Richard Scearce, Michael S. Seaman, M. Anthony Moody, Sampa Santra, Kevin Wiehe, Georgia D. Tomaras, Kshitij Wagh, Bette Korber, Mattia Bonsignori, David C. Montefiori, Barton F. Haynes, Natalia de Val, M. Gordon Joyce, Kevin O. Saunders

The ultrastructure of infectious L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions constrains molecular models

Razieh Kamali-Jamil, Ester Vázquez-Fernández, Brian Tancowny, Vineet Rathod, Sara Amidian, Xiongyao Wang, Xinli Tang, Andrew Fang, Assunta Senatore, Simone Hornemann, Sandor Dudas, Adriano Aguzzi, Howard S. Young, Holger Wille

PET/CT targeted tissue sampling reveals virus specific dIgA can alter the distribution and localization of HIV after rectal exposure

Roslyn A. Taylor, Sixia Xiao, Ann M. Carias, Michael D. McRaven, Divya N. Thakkar, Mariluz Araínga, Edward J. Allen, Kenneth A. Rogers, Sidath C. Kumarapperuma, Siqi Gong, Angela J. Fought, Meegan R. Anderson, Yanique Thomas, Jeffrey R. Schneider, Beth Goins, Peter Fox, Francois J. Villinger, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Thomas J. Hope

Recruitment of phospholipase Cγ1 to the non-structural membrane protein pK15 of Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus promotes its Src-dependent phosphorylation

Naira Samarina, George Ssebyatika, Tanvi Tikla, Ja-Yun Waldmann, Bizunesh Abere, Vittoria Nanna, Michelangelo Marasco, Teresa Carlomagno, Thomas Krey, Thomas F. Schulz

Antagonism of STAT3 signalling by Ebola virus

Angela R. Harrison, Shawn Todd, Megan Dearnley, Cassandra T. David, Diane Green, Stephen M. Rawlinson, Gough G. Au, Glenn A. Marsh, Gregory W. Moseley

A field test of the dilution effect hypothesis in four avian multi-host pathogens

Martina Ferraguti, Josué Martínez-de la Puente, Miguel Ángel Jiménez–Clavero, Francisco Llorente, David Roiz, Santiago Ruiz, Ramón Soriguer, Jordi Figuerola

Herpes simplex virus co-infection facilitates rolling circle replication of the adeno-associated virus genome

Anita Felicitas Meier, Kurt Tobler, Remo Leisi, Anouk Lkharrazi, Carlos Ros, Cornel Fraefel

The Pleiades are a cluster of fungal effectors that inhibit host defenses

Fernando Navarrete, Nenad Grujic, Alexandra Stirnberg, Indira Saado, David Aleksza, Michelle Gallei, Hazem Adi, André Alcântara, Mamoona Khan, Janos Bindics, Marco Trujillo, Armin Djamei

Structurally distinct external solvent-exposed domains drive replication of major human prions

Mohammad Khursheed Siddiqi, Chae Kim, Tracy Haldiman, Miroslava Kacirova, Benlian Wang, Jen Bohon, Mark R. Chance, Janna Kiselar, Jiri G. Safar

Rifampicin exposure reveals within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis diversity in patients with delayed culture conversion

Charlotte Genestet, Elisabeth Hodille, Alexia Barbry, Jean-Luc Berland, Jonathan Hoffmann, Emilie Westeel, Fabiola Bastian, Michel Guichardant, Samuel Venner, Gérard Lina, Christophe Ginevra, Florence Ader, Sylvain Goutelle, Oana Dumitrescu

Manipulation of the unfolded protein response: A pharmacological strategy against coronavirus infection

Liliana Echavarría-Consuegra, Georgia M. Cook, Idoia Busnadiego, Charlotte Lefèvre, Sarah Keep, Katherine Brown, Nicole Doyle, Giulia Dowgier, Krzysztof Franaszek, Nathan A. Moore, Stuart G. Siddell, Erica Bickerton, Benjamin G. Hale, Andrew E. Firth, Ian Brierley, Nerea Irigoyen

NDRG1 facilitates lytic replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by maintaining the stability of the KSHV helicase

Lianghui Dong, Jiazhen Dong, Min Xiang, Ping Lei, Zixian Li, Fang Zhang, Xiaoyi Sun, Danping Niu, Lei Bai, Ke Lan

Sustained viremia suppression by SHIVSF162P3CN-recalled effector-memory CD8+ T cells after PD1-based vaccination

Yik Chun Wong, Wan Liu, Lok Yan Yim, Xin Li, Hui Wang, Ming Yue, Mengyue Niu, Lin Cheng, Lijun Ling, Yanhua Du, Samantha M. Y. Chen, Ka-Wai Cheung, Haibo Wang, Xian Tang, Jiansong Tang, Haoji Zhang, Youqiang Song, Lisa A. Chakrabarti, Zhiwei Chen

Venestatin from parasitic helminths interferes with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated immune responses to promote larval migration

Daigo Tsubokawa, Taisei Kikuchi, Jae Man Lee, Takahiro Kusakabe, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Haruhiko Maruyama

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Mundinia) parasites by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Tomas Becvar, Barbora Vojtkova, Padet Siriyasatien, Jan Votypka, David Modry, Petr Jahn, Paul Bates, Simon Carpenter, Petr Volf, Jovana Sadlova

The rice blast fungus MoRgs1 functioning in cAMP signaling and pathogenicity is regulated by casein kinase MoCk2 phosphorylation and modulated by membrane protein MoEmc2

Rui Yu, Xuetong Shen, Muxing Liu, Xinyu Liu, Ziyi Yin, Xiao Li, Wanzhen Feng, Jiexiong Hu, Haifeng Zhang, Xiaobo Zheng, Ping Wang, Zhengguang Zhang

NleB2 from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is a novel arginine-glucose transferase effector

Cristina Giogha, Nichollas E. Scott, Tania Wong Fok Lung, Georgina L. Pollock, Marina Harper, Ethan D. Goddard-Borger, Jaclyn S. Pearson, Elizabeth L. Hartland

Sickle-trait hemoglobin reduces adhesion to both CD36 and EPCR by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes

Jens E. V. Petersen, Joseph W. Saelens, Elizabeth Freedman, Louise Turner, Thomas Lavstsen, Rick M. Fairhurst, Mahamadou Diakité, Steve M. Taylor

Single-cell RNA-seq landscape midbrain cell responses to red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection

Qing Wang, Cheng Peng, Min Yang, Fengqi Huang, Xuzhuo Duan, Shaowen Wang, Huitao Cheng, Huirong Yang, Huihong Zhao, Qiwei Qin

The kinesin of the flagellum attachment zone in Leishmania is required for cell morphogenesis, cell division and virulence in the mammalian host

Rosa Milagros Corrales, Slavica Vaselek, Rachel Neish, Laurence Berry, Camille D. Brunet, Lucien Crobu, Nada Kuk, Julio Mateos-Langerak, Derrick R. Robinson, Petr Volf, Jeremy C. Mottram, Yvon Sterkers, Patrick Bastien

Impact of prior Dengue immunity on Zika vaccine protection in rhesus macaques and mice

Rafael A. Larocca, Peter Abbink, John D. Ventura, Abishek Chandrashekar, Noe Mercado, Zhenfeng Li, Erica Borducchi, Rafael A. De La Barrera, Kenneth H. Eckels, Kayvon Modjarrad, Michael P. Busch, Nelson L. Michael, Dan H. Barouch

Tissue-specific transcriptional profiling of plasmacytoid dendritic cells reveals a hyperactivated state in chronic SIV infection

Michelle Y.-H. Lee, Amit A. Upadhyay, Hasse Walum, Chi N. Chan, Reem A. Dawoud, Christine Grech, Justin L. Harper, Kirti A. Karunakaran, Sydney A. Nelson, Ernestine A. Mahar, Kyndal L. Goss, Diane G. Carnathan, Barbara Cervasi, Kiran Gill, Gregory K. Tharp, Elizabeth R. Wonderlich, Vijayakumar Velu, Simon M. Barratt-Boyes, Mirko Paiardini, Guido Silvestri, Jacob D. Estes, Steven E. Bosinger

Genome-wide association study of signature genetic alterations among pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates

Wontae Hwang, Ji Hyun Yong, Kyung Bae Min, Kang-Mu Lee, Ben Pascoe, Samuel K Sheppard, Sang Sun Yoon

Rapid, reliable, and reproducible cell fusion assay to quantify SARS-Cov-2 spike interaction with hACE2

Min Zhao, Pei-Yi Su, Danielle A. Castro, Therese N. Tripler, Yingxia Hu, Matthew Cook, Albert I. Ko, Shelli F. Farhadian, Benjamin Israelow, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Yong Xiong, Richard E. Sutton, the Yale IMPACT Research Team

Transient viral replication during analytical treatment interruptions in SIV infected macaques can alter the rebound-competent viral reservoir

Taina T. Immonen, Christine M. Fennessey, Leslie Lipkey, Abigail Thorpe, Gregory Q. Del Prete, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Miles P. Davenport, Brandon F. Keele

The endogenous cellular protease inhibitor SPINT2 controls SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and is associated to disease severity

Carlos Ramirez Alvarez, Carmon Kee, Ashwini Kumar Sharma, Leonie Thomas, Florian I. Schmidt, Megan L. Stanifer, Steeve Boulant, Carl Herrmann

Novel aspects of iron homeostasis in pathogenic bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei

Carla Gilabert Carbajo, Lucy J. Cornell, Youssef Madbouly, Zhihao Lai, Phillip A. Yates, Michele Tinti, Calvin Tiengwe

Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation of prions reveals a strain-specific continuum of quaternary structures with protease resistance developing at a hydrodynamic radius of 15 nm

Leonardo M. Cortez, Satish K. Nemani, Camilo Duque Velásquez, Aishwarya Sriraman, YongLiang Wang, Holger Wille, Debbie McKenzie, Valerie L. Sim

Correction

Correction: Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?

Ping Liu, Jing-Zhe Jiang, Xiu-Feng Wan, Yan Hua, Linmiao Li, Jiabin Zhou, Xiaohu Wang, Fanghui Hou, Jing Chen, Jiejian Zou, Jinping Chen

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