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Table of Contents

February 2013

Cover

New hantaviruses found in China challenge the conventional view that they originated in rodents.

Issue Image

Hantaviruses are the etiological agent(s) of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. Four new forms of hantavirus have been identified in bats and insectivores in China (see Guo et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003159). The study suggests hantaviruses first appeared in bats before spreading to rodents, challenging the conventional view that they originated in rodents. Picture shows the gregarious hibernating bats in a cave, in which Longquan virus was found.

Image Credit: Yong–Zhen Zhang, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC

Pearls

Noncanonical Inflammasomes: Caspase-11 Activation and Effector Mechanisms

Petr Broz, Denise M. Monack

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003144

Proteins Secreted via the Type II Secretion System: Smart Strategies of Vibrio cholerae to Maintain Fitness in Different Ecological Niches

Aleksandra E. Sikora

PLOS Pathogens: published February 21, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003126

Bacterial Survival Amidst an Immune Onslaught: The Contribution of the Staphylococcus aureus Leukotoxins

Francis Alonzo III, Victor J. Torres

PLOS Pathogens: published February 21, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003143

A Roadmap to the Human Virome

Eric Delwart

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003146

Fifty Shades of Immune Defense

Michael F. Criscitiello, Paul de Figueiredo

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003110

Behavior of Prions in the Environment: Implications for Prion Biology

Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Jason C. Bartz

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003113

Research Articles

The Apoptogenic Toxin AIP56 Is a Metalloprotease A-B Toxin that Cleaves NF-κb P65

Daniela S. Silva, Liliana M. G. Pereira, Ana R. Moreira, Frederico Ferreira-da-Silva, Rui M. Brito, Tiago Q. Faria, Irene Zornetta, Cesare Montecucco, Pedro Oliveira, Jorge E. Azevedo, Pedro J. B. Pereira, Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro, Ana do Vale, Nuno M. S. dos Santos

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003128

Hospital-Community Interactions Foster Coexistence between Methicillin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Roger Kouyos, Eili Klein, Bryan Grenfell

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003134

flp-32 Ligand/Receptor Silencing Phenocopy Faster Plant Pathogenic Nematodes

Louise E. Atkinson, Michael Stevenson, Ciaran J. McCoy, Nikki J. Marks, Colin Fleming, Mostafa Zamanian, Tim A. Day, Michael J. Kimber, Aaron G. Maule, Angela Mousley

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003169

Dynamic Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression during the Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Archna P. Gupta, Wai Hoe Chin, Lei Zhu, Sachel Mok, Yen-Hoon Luah, Eng-How Lim, Zbynek Bozdech

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003170

Viral Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies in Early Subtype A HIV-1 Infection Drives an Increase in Autologous Neutralization Breadth

Megan K. Murphy, Ling Yue, Ruimin Pan, Saikat Boliar, Anurag Sethi, Jianhui Tian, Katja Pfafferot, Etienne Karita, Susan A. Allen, Emmanuel Cormier, Paul A. Goepfert, Persephone Borrow, James E. Robinson, S. Gnanakaran, Eric Hunter, Xiang-Peng Kong, Cynthia A. Derdeyn

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003173

Sustained Activation of Akt Elicits Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Block Plasmodium falciparum Infection in the Mosquito Host

Shirley Luckhart, Cecilia Giulivi, Anna L. Drexler, Yevgeniya Antonova-Koch, Danielle Sakaguchi, Eleonora Napoli, Sarah Wong, Mark S. Price, Richard Eigenheer, Brett S. Phinney, Nazzy Pakpour, Jose E. Pietri, Kong Cheung, Martha Georgis, Michael Riehle

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003180

Poxvirus Targeting of E3 Ligase β-TrCP by Molecular Mimicry: A Mechanism to Inhibit NF-κB Activation and Promote Immune Evasion and Virulence

Daniel S. Mansur, Carlos Maluquer de Motes, Leonie Unterholzner, Rebecca P. Sumner, Brian J. Ferguson, Hongwei Ren, Pavla Strnadova, Andrew G. Bowie, Geoffrey L. Smith

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003183

Increased Functional Stability and Homogeneity of Viral Envelope Spikes through Directed Evolution

Daniel P. Leaman, Michael B. Zwick

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003184

Macrophage-expressed IFN-β Contributes to Apoptotic Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury in Severe Influenza Virus Pneumonia

Katrin Högner, Thorsten Wolff, Stephan Pleschka, Stephanie Plog, Achim D. Gruber, Ulrich Kalinke, Hans-Dieter Walmrath, Johannes Bodner, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Peter Lewe-Schlosser, Mikhail Matrosovich, Werner Seeger, Juergen Lohmeyer, Susanne Herold

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003188

Related Articles

  1. Correction: Macrophage-expressed IFN-β Contributes to Apoptotic Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury in Severe Influenza Virus Pneumonia

Functional Plasticity in the Type IV Secretion System of Helicobacter pylori

Roberto M. Barrozo, Cara L. Cooke, Lori M. Hansen, Anna M. Lam, Jennifer A. Gaddy, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Taryn A. Cariaga, Giovanni Suarez, Richard M. Peek Jr, Timothy L. Cover, Jay V. Solnick

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003189

The Plasmodium berghei Ca2+/H+ Exchanger, PbCAX, Is Essential for Tolerance to Environmental Ca2+ during Sexual Development

David S. Guttery, Jon K. Pittman, Karine Frénal, Benoit Poulin, Leon R. McFarlane, Ksenija Slavic, Sally P. Wheatley, Dominique Soldati-Favre, Sanjeev Krishna, Rita Tewari, Henry M. Staines

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003191

MCMV-mediated Inhibition of the Pro-apoptotic Bak Protein Is Required for Optimal In Vivo Replication

Peter Fleming, Marc Kvansakul, Valentina Voigt, Benjamin T. Kile, Ruth M. Kluck, David C. S. Huang, Mariapia A. Degli-Esposti, Christopher E. Andoniou

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003192

Phylodynamic Analysis of the Emergence and Epidemiological Impact of Transmissible Defective Dengue Viruses

Ruian Ke, John Aaskov, Edward C. Holmes, James O. Lloyd-Smith

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003193

Cytotoxic Capacity of SIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells against Primary Autologous Targets Correlates with Immune Control in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques

Daniel Mendoza, Stephen A. Migueles, Julia E. Rood, Bennett Peterson, Sarah Johnson, Nicole Doria-Rose, Douglas Schneider, Eva Rakasz, Matthew T. Trivett, Charles M. Trubey, Vicky Coalter, Claire W. Hallahan, David Watkins, Genoveffa Franchini, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Mark Connors

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003195

Modeling Host Genetic Regulation of Influenza Pathogenesis in the Collaborative Cross

Martin T. Ferris, David L. Aylor, Daniel Bottomly, Alan C. Whitmore, Lauri D. Aicher, Timothy A. Bell, Birgit Bradel-Tretheway, Janine T. Bryan, Ryan J. Buus, Lisa E. Gralinski, Bart L. Haagmans, Leonard McMillan, Darla R. Miller, Elizabeth Rosenzweig, William Valdar, Jeremy Wang, Gary A. Churchill, David W. Threadgill, Shannon K. McWeeney, Michael G. Katze, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Ralph S. Baric, Mark T. Heise

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003196

Protein Complexes and Proteolytic Activation of the Cell Wall Hydrolase RipA Regulate Septal Resolution in Mycobacteria

Michael C. Chao, Karen J. Kieser, Shoko Minami, Daniela Mavrici, Bree B. Aldridge, Sarah M. Fortune, Tom Alber, Eric J. Rubin

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003197

Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Specific Recruitment of HIV-1 Envelope Proteins to Viral Assembly Sites Dependent on the Envelope C-Terminal Tail

Walter Muranyi, Sebastian Malkusch, Barbara Müller, Mike Heilemann, Hans-Georg Kräusslich

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003198

Structural Determinants for Activity and Specificity of the Bacterial Toxin LlpA

Maarten G. K. Ghequire, Abel Garcia-Pino, Eline K. M. Lebbe, Stijn Spaepen, Remy Loris, René De Mot

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003199

Mutualistic Co-evolution of Type III Effector Genes in Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Jeffrey A. Kimbrel, William J. Thomas, Yuan Jiang, Allison L. Creason, Caitlin A. Thireault, Joel L. Sachs, Jeff H. Chang

PLOS Pathogens: published February 28, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003204

Random Codon Re-encoding Induces Stable Reduction of Replicative Fitness of Chikungunya Virus in Primate and Mosquito Cells

Antoine Nougairede, Lauriane De Fabritus, Fabien Aubry, Ernest A. Gould, Edward C. Holmes, Xavier de Lamballerie

PLOS Pathogens: published February 21, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003172

The Abi-domain Protein Abx1 Interacts with the CovS Histidine Kinase to Control Virulence Gene Expression in Group B Streptococcus

Arnaud Firon, Asmaa Tazi, Violette Da Cunha, Sophie Brinster, Elisabeth Sauvage, Shaynoor Dramsi, Douglas T. Golenbock, Philippe Glaser, Claire Poyart, Patrick Trieu-Cuot

PLOS Pathogens: published February 21, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003179

Induction of p16INK4a Is the Major Barrier to Proliferation when Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Transforms Primary B Cells into Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Lenka Skalska, Robert E. White, Gillian A. Parker, Alison J. Sinclair, Kostas Paschos, Martin J. Allday

PLOS Pathogens: published February 21, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003187

Related Articles

  1. Correction: Induction of p16INK4a Is the Major Barrier to Proliferation when Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Transforms Primary B Cells into Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Intracellular Bacillary Burden Reflects a Burst Size for Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vivo

Teresa Repasy, Jinhee Lee, Simeone Marino, Nuria Martinez, Denise E. Kirschner, Gregory Hendricks, Stephen Baker, Andrew A. Wilson, Darrell N. Kotton, Hardy Kornfeld

PLOS Pathogens: published February 21, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003190

Using Existing Drugs as Leads for Broad Spectrum Anthelmintics Targeting Protein Kinases

Christina M. Taylor, John Martin, Ramakrishna U. Rao, Kerrie Powell, Sahar Abubucker, Makedonka Mitreva

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003149

Influenza HA Subtypes Demonstrate Divergent Phenotypes for Cleavage Activation and pH of Fusion: Implications for Host Range and Adaptation

Summer E. Galloway, Mark L. Reed, Charles J. Russell, David A. Steinhauer

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003151

Therapeutic Efficacy of Antibodies Lacking FcγR against Lethal Dengue Virus Infection Is Due to Neutralizing Potency and Blocking of Enhancing Antibodies

Katherine L. Williams, Soila Sukupolvi-Petty, Martina Beltramello, Syd Johnson, Federica Sallusto, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Michael S. Diamond, Eva Harris

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003157

Related Articles

  1. Correction: Therapeutic Efficacy of Antibodies Lacking Fc. Receptor Binding against Lethal Dengue Virus Infection Is Due to Neutralizing Potency and Blocking of Enhancing Antibodies

Nox2 Modification of LDL Is Essential for Optimal Apolipoprotein B-mediated Control of agr Type III Staphylococcus aureus Quorum-sensing

Pamela R. Hall, Bradley O. Elmore, Cynthia H. Spang, Susan M. Alexander, Brett C. Manifold-Wheeler, Moriah J. Castleman, Seth M. Daly, M. Michal Peterson, Erin K. Sully, Jon K. Femling, Michael Otto, Alexander R. Horswill, Graham S. Timmins, Hattie D. Gresham

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003166

Neutrophils Exert a Suppressive Effect on Th1 Responses to Intracellular Pathogen Brucella abortus

Elías Barquero-Calvo, Anna Martirosyan, Diana Ordoñez-Rueda, Vilma Arce-Gorvel, Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón, Hubert Lepidi, Bernard Malissen, Marie Malissen, Jean-Pierre Gorvel, Edgardo Moreno

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003167

Targeted and Random Mutagenesis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis for the Identification of Genes Required for In vivo Infection

Chuanmin Cheng, Arathy D. S. Nair, Vijaya V. Indukuri, Shanzhong Gong, Roderick F. Felsheim, Deborah Jaworski, Ulrike G. Munderloh, Roman R. Ganta

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003171

Related Articles

  1. Correction: Targeted and Random Mutagenesis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis for the Identification of Genes Required for In vivo Infection

Comparative Analysis of Measures of Viral Reservoirs in HIV-1 Eradication Studies

Susanne Eriksson, Erin H. Graf, Viktor Dahl, Matthew C. Strain, Steven A. Yukl, Elena S. Lysenko, Ronald J. Bosch, Jun Lai, Stanley Chioma, Fatemeh Emad, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Rebecca Hoh, Frederick Hecht, Peter Hunt, Ma Somsouk, Joseph Wong, Rowena Johnston, Robert F. Siliciano, Douglas D. Richman, Una O'Doherty, Sarah Palmer, Steven G. Deeks, Janet D. Siliciano

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003174

A Phyletically Rare Gene Promotes the Niche-specific Fitness of an E. coli Pathogen during Bacteremia

Travis J. Wiles, J. Paul Norton, Sara N. Smith, Adam J. Lewis, Harry L. T. Mobley, Sherwood R. Casjens, Matthew A. Mulvey

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003175

Compatibility in the Ustilago maydis–Maize Interaction Requires Inhibition of Host Cysteine Proteases by the Fungal Effector Pit2

André N. Mueller, Sebastian Ziemann, Steffi Treitschke, Daniela Aßmann, Gunther Doehlemann

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003177

Programmed Protection of Foreign DNA from Restriction Allows Pathogenicity Island Exchange during Pneumococcal Transformation

Calum Johnston, Bernard Martin, Chantal Granadel, Patrice Polard, Jean-Pierre Claverys

PLOS Pathogens: published February 14, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003178

P53-Mediated Rapid Induction of Apoptosis Conveys Resistance to Viral Infection in Drosophila melanogaster

Bo Liu, Susanta K. Behura, Rollie J. Clem, Anette Schneemann, James Becnel, David W. Severson, Lei Zhou

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003137

Interleukin-7 Facilitates HIV-1 Transmission to Cervico-Vaginal Tissue ex vivo

Andrea Introini, Christophe Vanpouille, Andrea Lisco, Jean-Charles Grivel, Leonid Margolis

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003148

Human Monoclonal Antibodies Broadly Neutralizing against Influenza B Virus

Mayo Yasugi, Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu, Akifumi Yamashita, Norihito Kawashita, Anariwa Du, Tadahiro Sasaki, Mitsuhiro Nishimura, Ryo Misaki, Motoki Kuhara, Naphatsawan Boonsathorn, Kazuhito Fujiyama, Yoshinobu Okuno, Takaaki Nakaya, Kazuyoshi Ikuta

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003150

Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Elicits Inflammatory Responses that Dysregulate Placental Amino Acid Transport

Philippe Boeuf, Elizabeth H. Aitken, Upeksha Chandrasiri, Caroline Lin Lin Chua, Bernie McInerney, Leon McQuade, Michael Duffy, Malcolm Molyneux, Graham Brown, Jocelyn Glazier, Stephen J. Rogerson

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003153

Acquisition of Drug Resistance and Dependence by Prions

Anja M. Oelschlegel, Charles Weissmann

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003158

Phylogeny and Origins of Hantaviruses Harbored by Bats, Insectivores, and Rodents

Wen-Ping Guo, Xian-Dan Lin, Wen Wang, Jun-Hua Tian, Mei-Li Cong, Hai-Lin Zhang, Miao-Ruo Wang, Run-Hong Zhou, Jian-Bo Wang, Ming-Hui Li, Jianguo Xu, Edward C. Holmes, Yong-Zhen Zhang

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003159

A Toxoplasma Palmitoyl Acyl Transferase and the Palmitoylated Armadillo Repeat Protein TgARO Govern Apical Rhoptry Tethering and Reveal a Critical Role for the Rhoptries in Host Cell Invasion but Not Egress

Josh R. Beck, Connie Fung, Kurtis W. Straub, Isabelle Coppens, Ajay A. Vashisht, James A. Wohlschlegel, Peter J. Bradley

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003162

Identification and Manipulation of the Molecular Determinants Influencing Poliovirus Recombination

Charles Runckel, Oscar Westesson, Raul Andino, Joseph L. DeRisi

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003164

Structural and Functional Analysis of the CspB Protease Required for Clostridium Spore Germination

Chloe M. Adams, Brian E. Eckenroth, Emily E. Putnam, Sylvie Doublié, Aimee Shen

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003165

A Systems Biology Approach Reveals that Tissue Tropism to West Nile Virus Is Regulated by Antiviral Genes and Innate Immune Cellular Processes

Mehul S. Suthar, Margaret M. Brassil, Gabriele Blahnik, Aimee McMillan, Hilario J. Ramos, Sean C. Proll, Sarah E. Belisle, Michael G. Katze, Michael Gale Jr

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003168

Isolation of a Novel Swine Influenza Virus from Oklahoma in 2011 Which Is Distantly Related to Human Influenza C Viruses

Ben M. Hause, Mariette Ducatez, Emily A. Collin, Zhiguang Ran, Runxia Liu, Zizhang Sheng, Anibal Armien, Bryan Kaplan, Suvobrata Chakravarty, Adam D. Hoppe, Richard J. Webby, Randy R. Simonson, Feng Li

PLOS Pathogens: published February 7, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003176