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Evolution of synovial joints

February 25, 2025

Evolution of synovial joints

Synovial joints are characterized by lubricated articular surfaces separated by a cavity, providing mobility and load-bearing, but when did they evolve? A comparative and developmental study by Neelima Sharma, Yara Haridy and Neil Shubin reveals that stable, mobile and lubricated joints were present in the common ancestor of jawed fishes but lacking in jawless ones.

Image credit: Neelima Sharma

PLOS Biologue

Community blog for PLOS Biology, PLOS Genetics and PLOS Computational Biology.

PLOS BIOLOGUE

02/28/2025

Short Reports

Dynamics of a supergene

Supergenes can evolve when recombination-suppressing mechanisms like inversions promote co-inheritance of alleles at two or more polymorphic loci that affect a complex trait. A study of the BC supergene in wing color morphs of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus, by Rishi De-Kayne, Simon Martin and colleagues, reveals dynamic evolution of supergene haplotypes, fueled by incomplete recombination suppression.

Image credit: pbio.3003043

Dynamics of a supergene

Recently Published Articles

Current Issue

Current Issue February 2025

02/21/2025

Research Article

Caspases and cytoprotective autophagy under stress

Caspase enzymes are traditionally known for their roles in late stages of apoptosis, but growing evidence supports their function in non-apoptotic cellular processes. Gayathri Samarasekera, Sharon Gorski and colleagues show that caspase-3 and caspase-7 promote cytoprotective autophagy in response to non-lethal stress by modulating PARP1 activity in breast cancer cells.

Image credit: pbio.3003034

Caspases and cytoprotective autophagy under stress

02/21/2025

Research Article

Human-mouse differences in necroptosis regulation

ZBP1 is known to initiate RIPK3-mediated necroptosis in murine models of viral infection, but how is this pathway regulated in human cells? Oluwamuyiwa Amusan, Shuqi Wang, Hongyan Guo and co-workers show that, unlike in the mouse, RIPK1 is required for HSV-induced ZBP1-dependent necroptosis in human cells.

Human-mouse differences in necroptosis regulation

Image credit: pbio.3002845

02/19/2025

Primer

Gags and synapse formation

Neurodevelopment requires dynamic control of synapse number. Yung-Heng Chang and Josh Dubnau explore a new study which reveals that the gag protein of Copia, an active retrotransposon, forms virus-like capsids that transfer its own RNA across the Drosophila neuromuscular junction to regulate synapse formation.

Gags and synapse formation

Image credit: pbio.3003032

02/18/2025

Research Article

Gap junctions in germ cell growth

Gap junctions allow transfer of small molecules between cells, but it is unclear if cells can use this process to promote cell growth. Caroline Vachias, Vincent Mirouse and co-authors show that gap junctions allow the exchange of metabolites between germ cells and somatic cells to promote germline growth during Drosophila oogenesis.

Gap junctions in germ cell growth

Image credit: pbio.3003045

02/28/2025

Perspective

New solutions for antibiotic discovery

A major challenge in natural-product-based drug discovery is the identification of gene clusters most likely to specify new chemistry and bioactivities. This Perspective discusses the state of the art of antibiotic discovery.

New solutions for antibiotic discovery

Image credit: pbio.3001026

02/28/2025

Essay

Sensory stimulation to combat Alzheimer’s

Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease are hampered by limited efficacy, side effects and high costs. This Essay highlights non-invasive sensory stimulation as a promising emerging treatment.

Sensory stimulation to combat Alzheimer’s

Image credit: pbio.3003046

02/21/2025

BLOG POST

PLOS statement on recent US Executive Orders

We at PLOS believe that for science to maximally benefit society and inform policy, its core principles—integrity, transparency, inclusivity, and collaboration—must be upheld.

PLOS statement on recent US Executive Orders

Image credit: PLOS

02/14/2025

Community Page

GitHub for wet lab research

GitHub, widely used in software development, offers a robust framework for documenting laboratory research projects. This Community Page article explores how to incorporate the GitHub ecosystem into ‘wet’ lab workflows.

GitHub for wet lab research

Image credit: pbio.3003029

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