Natural experiments and long-term monitoring are critical to understand and predict marine host–microbe ecology and evolution

• Matthieu Leray ,

  * E-mail: leray.upmc@gmail.com (ML); odeaa@si.edu (AO)

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-1878

  ⨯
• Laetitia G. E. Wilkins ,

  Current address: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Symbiosis, Bremen, Germany

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-2063

  ⨯
• Amy Apprill,

  Affiliation Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-2977

  ⨯
• Holly M. Bik,

  Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-3837

  ⨯
• Friederike Clever,

  Affiliations Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Sean R. Connolly,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-0859

  ⨯
• Marina E. De León,

  Affiliations Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• J. Emmett Duffy,

  Affiliation Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8595-6391

  ⨯
• Leïla Ezzat,

  Affiliation Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sarah Gignoux-Wolfsohn,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-1088

  ⨯
• Edward Allen Herre,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  ⨯
• Jonathan Z. Kaye,

  Affiliation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-4253

  ⨯
• David I. Kline,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-9439

  ⨯
• Jordan G. Kueneman,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-6282

  ⨯
• Melissa K. McCormick,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-7575

  ⨯
• W. Owen McMillan,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  ⨯
• Aaron O’Dea ,

  * E-mail: leray.upmc@gmail.com (ML); odeaa@si.edu (AO)

  Affiliations Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4764

  ⨯
• Tiago J. Pereira,

  Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2848

  ⨯
• Jillian M. Petersen,

  Affiliation Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-3445

  ⨯
• Daniel F. Petticord,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-6321

  ⨯
• Mark E. Torchin,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  ⨯
• Rebecca Vega Thurber,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-2061

  ⨯
• Elin Videvall,

  Affiliations Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9998-3689

  ⨯
• William T. Wcislo,

  Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-4778

  ⨯
• Benedict Yuen,

  Affiliation Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-0862

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Jonathan A. Eisen

  Affiliations UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-2197

  ⨯
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