Cancer cell population growth kinetics at low densities deviate from the exponential growth model and suggest an Allee effect

• Kaitlyn E. Johnson,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-0012

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• Grant Howard,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-7251

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• William Mo,

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

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• Michael K. Strasser,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-6814

  ⨯
• Ernesto A. B. F. Lima,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation Institute for Computation Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-8784

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• Sui Huang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-4665

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• Amy Brock

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: amy.brock@utexas.edu

  Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America, Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8255-9024

  ⨯