About the Authors

Kazuhisa Shibata

Current address: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

Affiliations Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan, Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Takeo Watanabe

Affiliations Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan, Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Mitsuo Kawato

kawato@atr.jp

Affiliation Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan

Yuka Sasaki

Affiliations Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan, Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests. There is a potential financial conflict of interest; the authors are the inventors of patents related to the multi-voxel pattern induction method used in this study, while the original assignee of the patents is ATR, with which the authors are affiliated.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KS TW MK YS. Performed the experiments: KS. Analyzed the data: KS MK YS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KS. Wrote the paper: KS TW MK YS.