Incomplete dominance of deleterious alleles contributes substantially to trait variation and heterosis in maize

• Jinliang Yang ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Jinliang Yang, Sofiane Mezmouk

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jinliang.yang@unl.edu (JY); rossibarra@ucdavis.edu (JRI)

  Current address: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-3518

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• Sofiane Mezmouk ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Jinliang Yang, Sofiane Mezmouk

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: KWS SAAT SE, Einbeck, Germany

  Affiliation Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

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• Andy Baumgarten,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-2732

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• Edward S. Buckler,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, Institute for Genomic Diversity, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-371X

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• Katherine E. Guill,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michael D. McMullen,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

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• Rita H. Mumm,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Crop Sciences and the Illinois Plant Breeding Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-2290

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• Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jinliang.yang@unl.edu (JY); rossibarra@ucdavis.edu (JRI)

  Affiliations Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Center for Population Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

  ⨯