About the Authors

Alfred Amambua-Ngwa

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

Kevin K. A. Tetteh

Affiliation Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Magnus Manske

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Natalia Gomez-Escobar

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

Lindsay B. Stewart

Affiliation Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

M. Elizabeth Deerhake

Affiliation Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Ian H. Cheeseman

Affiliations Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Christopher I. Newbold

Affiliation Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anthony A. Holder

Affiliation Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom

Ellen Knuepfer

Affiliation Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom

Omar Janha

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

Muminatou Jallow

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia

Susana Campino

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Bronwyn MacInnis

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Dominic P. Kwiatkowski

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

David J. Conway

david.conway@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliations Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AA-N KKAT NG-E DPK DJC. Performed the experiments: AA-N KKAT MM NG-E LBS MED OJ DJC. Analyzed the data: AA-N KKAT MM NG-E MED IHC DJC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AA-N KKAT MM AAH EK CIN MJ SC BM DPK DJC. Wrote the paper: AA-N KKAT DJC.