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Table of Contents

February 2012

Cover

Multicellular rosette in a post-implantation mouse embryo.

Issue Image

This opacity rendering shows a confocal image volume of a 5.5 dpc mouse embryo. The embryo has been stained for the tight junction marker ZO-1 (white), which delineates the apical outlines of cells of the visceral endoderm, a simple epithelium that forms the surface of the embryo. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Rosettes are groups or five or more cells that share a common central vertex. The individual cells of a seven-cell rosette have been segmented in contrasting colors. See Trichas, et al. (e1001256).

Image Credit: Natalia White and Shankar Srinivas

Synopses

A New Look at “Filler Cells” in the Brain Reveals Their Role in Learning

Janelle Weaver

PLOS Biology: published February 14, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001263

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Making Magnetic Yeast

Stephanie Huang

PLOS Biology: published February 28, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001274

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Enzyme Inhibitor May Offer Dual Protection against Brain Disease

Charles Q. Choi

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001270

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Essay

Host Sexual Dimorphism and Parasite Adaptation

David Duneau, Dieter Ebert

PLOS Biology: published February 28, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001271

Obituary

Har Gobind Khorana (1922–2011): Pioneering Spirit

Thomas P. Sakmar

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001273

Primers

Anything You Can Do, You Can Do Better: Neural Substrates of Incentive-Based Performance Enhancement

Mimi Liljeholm, John P. O'Doherty

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001272

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  1. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Motivation of Mental Versus Physical Effort

Making Muscle Elastic: The Structural Basis of Myomesin Stretching

Larissa Tskhovrebova, John Trinick

PLOS Biology: published February 14, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001264

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Research Articles

Speciation and Extinction Drive the Appearance of Directional Range Size Evolution in Phylogenies and the Fossil Record

Alex L. Pigot, Ian P. F. Owens, C. David L. Orme

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001260

Patterns of Gene Flow Define Species of Thermophilic Archaea

Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz, Xavier Didelot, Nicole L. Held, Alfa Herrera, Aaron Darling, Michael L. Reno, David J. Krause, Rachel J. Whitaker

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001265

Genome-Wide Analysis of the World's Sheep Breeds Reveals High Levels of Historic Mixture and Strong Recent Selection

James W. Kijas, Johannes A. Lenstra, Ben Hayes, Simon Boitard, Laercio R. Porto Neto, Magali San Cristobal, Bertrand Servin, Russell McCulloch, Vicki Whan, Kimberly Gietzen, Samuel Paiva, William Barendse, Elena Ciani, Herman Raadsma, John McEwan, Brian Dalrymple, other members of the International Sheep Genomics Consortium

PLOS Biology: published February 7, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001258

Multi-Cellular Rosettes in the Mouse Visceral Endoderm Facilitate the Ordered Migration of Anterior Visceral Endoderm Cells

Georgios Trichas, Aaron M. Smith, Natalia White, Vivienne Wilkins, Tomoko Watanabe, Abigail Moore, Bradley Joyce, Jacintha Sugnaseelan, Tristan A. Rodriguez, David Kay, Ruth E. Baker, Philip K. Maini, Shankar Srinivas

PLOS Biology: published February 7, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001256

Movement-Related Theta Rhythm in Humans: Coordinating Self-Directed Hippocampal Learning

Raphael Kaplan, Christian F. Doeller, Gareth R. Barnes, Vladimir Litvak, Emrah Düzel, Peter A. Bandettini, Neil Burgess

PLOS Biology: published February 28, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001267

Neural Mechanisms Underlying Motivation of Mental Versus Physical Effort

Liane Schmidt, Maël Lebreton, Marie-Laure Cléry-Melin, Jean Daunizeau, Mathias Pessiglione

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001266

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Facilitation of AMPA Receptor Synaptic Delivery as a Molecular Mechanism for Cognitive Enhancement

Shira Knafo, César Venero, Cristina Sánchez-Puelles, Inmaculada Pereda-Peréz, Ana Franco, Carmen Sandi, Luz M. Suárez, José M. Solís, Lidia Alonso-Nanclares, Eduardo D. Martín, Paula Merino-Serrais, Erika Borcel, Shizhong Li, Yongshuo Chen, Juncal Gonzalez-Soriano, Vladimir Berezin, Elisabeth Bock, Javier DeFelipe, José A. Esteban

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001262

Astrocytes Mediate In Vivo Cholinergic-Induced Synaptic Plasticity

Marta Navarrete, Gertrudis Perea, David Fernandez de Sevilla, Marta Gómez-Gonzalo, Angel Núñez, Eduardo D. Martín, Alfonso Araque

PLOS Biology: published February 14, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001259

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Induction of Biogenic Magnetization and Redox Control by a Component of the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling Pathway

Keiji Nishida, Pamela A. Silver

PLOS Biology: published February 28, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001269

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p53 Regulates Cell Cycle and MicroRNAs to Promote Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Abhinav K. Jain, Kendra Allton, Michelina Iacovino, Elisabeth Mahen, Robert J. Milczarek, Thomas P. Zwaka, Michael Kyba, Michelle Craig Barton

PLOS Biology: published February 28, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001268

Development and Function of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Producing TH2- and TH17-Cytokines

Hiroshi Watarai, Etsuko Sekine-Kondo, Tomokuni Shigeura, Yasutaka Motomura, Takuwa Yasuda, Rumi Satoh, Hisahiro Yoshida, Masato Kubo, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Haruhiko Koseki, Masaru Taniguchi

PLOS Biology: published February 7, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001255

Superhelical Architecture of the Myosin Filament-Linking Protein Myomesin with Unusual Elastic Properties

Nikos Pinotsis, Spyros D. Chatziefthimiou, Felix Berkemeier, Fabienne Beuron, Irene M. Mavridis, Petr V. Konarev, Dmitri I. Svergun, Edward Morris, Matthias Rief, Matthias Wilmanns

PLOS Biology: published February 14, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001261

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Histone Deacetylase Complexes Promote Trinucleotide Repeat Expansions

Kim Debacker, Aisling Frizzell, Olive Gleeson, Lucy Kirkham-McCarthy, Tony Mertz, Robert S. Lahue

PLOS Biology: published February 21, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001257

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Book Review%2FScience in the Media

Songs of Love, Orthoptera-Style

Michael Greenfield

PLOS Biology: published February 28, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001275