May 2011

A three-dimensional reconstruction made from a stack of two-photon images of the retina of an anole lizard. The retina was treated with the fluorescent dye FM1-43, which incorporates into the plasma membrane where it is internalized by endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, labeling neuronal synapses (see Jackman et al., e1001057).

Synopses

Tsetse Flies Rely on Symbiotic Wigglesworthia for Immune System Development

Kira Heller

PLOS Biology: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001070

A Rosetta Stone for Brain Waves

Mason Inman

PLOS Biology: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001063

After 40 Years, Retina Reveals It Uses Positive Feedback, as Well as Negative

Richard Robinson

PLOS Biology: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001058

Playing TAG with a Bacterial Stress Response

Caitlin Sedwick

PLOS Biology: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001068

How Bacteria Shift Gears

Robin Meadows

PLOS Biology: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001061

Essay

Phylomemetics—Evolutionary Analysis beyond the Gene

Christopher J. Howe, Heather F. Windram

PLOS Biology: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001069

Unsolved Mystery

Visual Trails: Do the Doors of Perception Open Periodically?

Julien Dubois, Rufin VanRullen

PLOS Biology: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001056

Primers

Rarity, Species Richness, and the Threat of Extinction—Are Plants the Same as Animals?

Sandra Knapp

PLOS Biology: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001067

Towards a Functional Understanding of Protein N-Terminal Acetylation

Thomas Arnesen

PLOS Biology: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001074

Research Articles

Extinction Risk and Diversification Are Linked in a Plant Biodiversity Hotspot

T. Jonathan Davies, Gideon F. Smith, Dirk U. Bellstedt, James S. Boatwright, Benny Bytebier, Richard M. Cowling, Félix Forest, Luke J. Harmon, A. Muthama Muasya, Brian D. Schrire, Yolande Steenkamp, Michelle van der Bank, Vincent Savolainen

PLOS Biology: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000620

A Quantitative Test of Hamilton's Rule for the Evolution of Altruism

Markus Waibel, Dario Floreano, Laurent Keller

PLOS Biology: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000615

Ever-Young Sex Chromosomes in European Tree Frogs

Matthias Stöck, Agnès Horn, Christine Grossen, Dorothea Lindtke, Roberto Sermier, Caroline Betto-Colliard, Christophe Dufresnes, Emmanuel Bonjour, Zoé Dumas, Emilien Luquet, Tiziano Maddalena, Helena Clavero Sousa, Iñigo Martinez-Solano, Nicolas Perrin

PLOS Biology: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001062

Tsetse Immune System Maturation Requires the Presence of Obligate Symbionts in Larvae

Brian L. Weiss, Jingwen Wang, Serap Aksoy

PLOS Biology: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000619

Limbic Justice—Amygdala Involvement in Immediate Rejection in the Ultimatum Game

Katarina Gospic, Erik Mohlin, Peter Fransson, Predrag Petrovic, Magnus Johannesson, Martin Ingvar

PLOS Biology: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001054

Cracking the Code of Oscillatory Activity

Philippe G. Schyns, Gregor Thut, Joachim Gross

PLOS Biology: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001064

A Positive Feedback Synapse from Retinal Horizontal Cells to Cone Photoreceptors

Skyler L. Jackman, Norbert Babai, James J. Chambers, Wallace B. Thoreson, Richard H. Kramer

PLOS Biology: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001057

Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Injury-Induced Peripheral Sensory Axon Regeneration in the Zebrafish Skin

Sandra Rieger, Alvaro Sagasti

PLOS Biology: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000621

An OBSL1-Cul7^Fbxw8 Ubiquitin Ligase Signaling Mechanism Regulates Golgi Morphology and Dendrite Patterning

Nadia Litterman, Yoshiho Ikeuchi, Gilbert Gallardo, Brenda C. O'Connell, Mathew E. Sowa, Steven P. Gygi, J. Wade Harper, Azad Bonni

PLOS Biology: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001060

Metabolic Regulation of Mycobacterial Growth and Antibiotic Sensitivity

Seung-Hun Baek, Alice H. Li, Christopher M. Sassetti

PLOS Biology: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001065

Chemotaxis: A Feedback-Based Computational Model Robustly Predicts Multiple Aspects of Real Cell Behaviour

Matthew P. Neilson, Douwe M. Veltman, Peter J. M. van Haastert, Steven D. Webb, John A. Mackenzie, Robert H. Insall

PLOS Biology: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000618

An Adhesion-Dependent Switch between Mechanisms That Determine Motile Cell Shape

Erin L. Barnhart, Kun-Chun Lee, Kinneret Keren, Alex Mogilner, Julie A. Theriot

PLOS Biology: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001059

N-Terminal Acetylation Inhibits Protein Targeting to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Gabriella M. A. Forte, Martin R. Pool, Colin J. Stirling

PLOS Biology: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001073

Structural Insight into the Rotational Switching Mechanism of the Bacterial Flagellar Motor

Tohru Minamino, Katsumi Imada, Miki Kinoshita, Shuichi Nakamura, Yusuke V. Morimoto, Keiichi Namba

PLOS Biology: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000616

The Bacterial Fimbrial Tip Acts as a Mechanical Force Sensor

Pavel Aprikian, Gianluca Interlandi, Brian A. Kidd, Isolde Le Trong, Veronika Tchesnokova, Olga Yakovenko, Matt J. Whitfield, Esther Bullitt, Ronald E. Stenkamp, Wendy E. Thomas, Evgeni V. Sokurenko

PLOS Biology: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000617