Table 1.
Summary information of A. nasatum genome assembly.
Fig 1.
Identification of sex-specific contigs in the A. nasatum genome assembly.
Frequency distribution of CQ (a) and YGS (b) scores calculated for each contig and scaffold of the assembly. (c) Comparison of CQ and YGS scores. Each dot corresponds to one contig or scaffold (those with CQ > 2 are not represented). The red box contains 78 contigs with CQ ≤ 0.35 and YGS ≥ 35%. CQ, Chromosome Quotient; YGS, Y chromosome Genome Scan.
Fig 2.
A. nasatum pedigree used to track inheritance of the Y chromosome and Wolbachia.
The pedigree spans three generations (F0–F2) and comprises 62 individuals (35 males and 27 females) for which sex chromosome genotype (XX, XY, or YY) was identified and 15 F1 females (not included in the molecular analyses; dotted circle). Males are shown as squares, and females are shown as circles. Individuals carrying Wolbachia are shown in purple. Progeny identifiers are shown in gray. Sex chromosome genotype of individuals marked with an orange star (34 males and two females) was also assessed with a quantitative PCR assay.
Table 2.
Composition and frequency of Wolbachia infection in 20 families of A. nasatum.
Wolbachia frequency in progenies was calculated as the Wolbachia frequency observed among tested females weighted by female proportion in the progenies (as all males lack Wolbachia).
Fig 3.
Boxplot of Wolbachia transmission rate from mother to offspring (measured as the frequency of Wolbachia-carrying individuals in each progeny) according to mother’s sex chromosome genotype.
The analysis is based on 16 progenies (n), in which Wolbachia presence was tested in ≥10 individuals (the underlying data for this figure can be found in Table 2). Thick lines and boxes depict median and interquartile range, respectively. Whiskers are bounded to the most extreme data point within the 1.5 interquartile range. Plots marked with the same letter (a, b) are not statistically different from each other (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison Dunn test).
Fig 4.
Evolutionary consequences of a cytoplasmic sex ratio distorter at the population level.
(a) Equilibrium frequencies of X chromosome (pink line), Y chromosome (blue line), and distorter (dashed line), according to distorter transmission rate in XX and XY females (YY females do not transmit the distorter). (b) Evolution of the frequencies of females (solid lines) and individuals carrying the distorter (dashed lines) through time, with a distorter transmission rate of 0.9. Green: YY females do not transmit the distorter (only XX and XY females do); orange: all females transmit the distorter.