Fig 1.
Geographic variation in hunting-induced defaunation for (A) all species, (B) small-sized species (<1 kg, e.g., Sciurus spp.), (C) medium-sized species (1–20 kg, e.g., Allouatta spp.), and (D) large-sized species (>20 kg, e.g., Tapirus spp.).
The insets represent the total area (y-axis) under different levels of defaunation (x-axis, from DI = 0 [blue] to DI = 1 [red]). Note that the y-axes in the four insets have different scales. Available at https://figshare.com/projects/Intact_but_emtpy_forests_Patterns_of_hunting-induced_mammal_defaunation_in_the_tropics/31118. DI, defaunation index.
Fig 2.
Percentage of mammal species per grid cell with DI >0.7 or abundance reductions of at least 70%.
Colors range from green (low relative number of species with DI >0.7) to red (high relative number of species with DI >0.7). Orange to red areas showcase hotspots of hunting-induced mammal defaunation (with at least one third of the species with DI >0.7). Available at https://figshare.com/projects/Intact_but_emtpy_forests_Patterns_of_hunting-induced_mammal_defaunation_in_the_tropics/31118. DI, defaunation index.
Fig 3.
DI for different trophic groups: (A) carnivores, (B) herbivores, (C) frugivores, and (D) insectivores.
The dashed gray line indicates the mean DI across the pantropical forest zone. The y-axes have different scales. Available at https://figshare.com/projects/Intact_but_emtpy_forests_Patterns_of_hunting-induced_mammal_defaunation_in_the_tropics/31118. DI, defaunation index; sq., square.
Fig 4.
Geographic variation and spatial extent of hunting-induced defaunation for all species (left-hand side; A,C), and for large-bodied species (right-hand side; B,D) in WAs (A,B) and IFs (C,D).
The insets represent the total area of forest (y-axis) predicted to be defaunated (DI > 0.1, red) and intact (DI ≤ 0.1, green) in the respective graphs. Available at https://figshare.com/projects/Intact_but_emtpy_forests_Patterns_of_hunting-induced_mammal_defaunation_in_the_tropics/31118. DI, defaunation index; IF, intact forest; WA, wilderness area.