The locus coeruleus influences behavior by coordinating effective integration of fear memories and sensory input
Fig 3
Characterizations of T-neurons and S-neurons.
(A) Volcano plots showing significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the T-neurons and S-neurons. (B) Principal components analysis (PCA) of an RNA-seq data set of 6 samples was sufficient to distinguish between T-neurons and S-neurons. (C) Heat map showing average transcripts per million (TPM) of differentially expressed genes encoding potassium channels with significance. Heatmap was standardized by rows. (D) Heat map showing average TPM of differentially expressed genes related to norepinephrine signaling with significance. (E) Heat map showing average TPM of differentially expressed genes encoding cell adhesion molecules with significance. In all heatmaps, the redder the color, the higher the expression level. Standardized method: log (average TPM + 1). n = 20 cells/mouse, 3 mice each group. (F) Input resistance of T-neurons and S-neurons from non-conditioned (NC) mice. Two-tailed unpaired t test, NC-T vs. NC-S, P = 0.0179; n = 11 cells/3 mice (NC-T), 13 cells/3 mice (NC-S). (G) (Left) Representative sEPSC traces and (right) sEPSC frequency in dmPFC T-neurons and S-neurons, from conditioned (Cond) and non-conditioned (NC) mice. One-way RM ANOVA, F (2, 53) = 7.804, Bonferroni’s posttest, NC-T vs. Cond-T, P < 0.01; NC-S vs. Cond-S, P < 0.01; n = 15 cells/4 mice (NC-T), 15 cells/4 mice (NC-S), 20 cells/4 mice (Cond-T), 24 cells/6 mice (Cond-S). Scale bars, 20 pA and 500 ms. (H) (Left) Representative traces of action potentials in dmPFC T-neurons and S-neurons elicited by injection of current through the recording electrodes. (Right) Spike frequency of action potentials plotted against injected currents. Two-way RM ANOVA, F (30, 990) = 6.894, Bonferroni’s posttest, P < 0.001; NC-T vs. NC-S, P < 0.01; NC-T vs. Cond-T, P < 0.001; n = 10 cells/4 mice (NC-T), 11 cells/4 mice (NC-S), 11 cells/4 mice (Cond-T), 21 cells/6 mice (Cond-S). Scale bars, 50 mV and 200 ms. (I) Half-width of action potentials (AP) in the T-neurons and S-neurons. One-way RM ANOVA, F (3, 42) = 13.57, P < 0.001, Bonferroni’s posttest; NC-T vs. NC-S, P < 0.01; Cond-T vs. Cond-S, P < 0.001; n = 12 cells/4 mice (NC-T), 10 cells/4 mice (NC-S), 12 cells/4 mice (Cond-T), 12 cells/6 mice (Cond-S). (J) Amplitude of AP in the T-neurons and S-neurons. One-way RM ANOVA, F (3, 41) = 5.530, P < 0.01, Bonferroni’s posttest; NC-T vs. Cond-T, P < 0.05; n = 12 cells/4 mice (NC-T), 9 cells/4 mice (NC-S), 12 cells/4 mice (Cond-T), 12 cells/6 mice (Cond-S).