Long-term musical training can protect against age-related upregulation of neural activity in speech-in-noise perception
Fig 3
TiFC of the three groups, and brain-behavior correlations.
A, left and B, right ROIs used in PPI analysis. Bilateral posterior superior temporal gyri (pSTG) were the seed ROI. Bilateral auditory dorsal stream regions, including supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), superior part of precentral gyrus (PrCGsup), and speech motor areas (SM) were the target regions. C, ONMs showed upregulated task-induced functional connectivity (TiFC) in bilateral dorsal streams compared to YNMs, while OMs exhibited TiFC resembling YNMs. Violin and point plots show the individual TiFC in specific target regions. D–E, TiFC strength of OMs was negatively correlated to the behavioral performance after controlling for resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). ROIs were mapped onto the brain surface using the BrainNet Viewer toolbox [42]. Data are available on OSF (https://osf.io/89hbn/). *** < 0.001, **
< 0.01, *
< 0.05, †
< 0.1; OMs, older musicians; ONMs, older non-musicians; YNMs, young non-musicians; L, left; R, right.