Adaptive landscapes unveil the complex evolutionary path from sprawling to upright forelimb function and posture in mammals
Fig 5
Evolution of sprawling and parasagittal posture.
Scores on the transitional ‘sprawling-parasagittal’ landscape are plotted on the phylogeny of all specimens, illustrated with select humeri. Stars indicate shifts in evolutionary regime for Synapsida identified by SURFACE (see Methods). Nodes labeled with letters; S, Synapsida, T, Therapsida; C, Cynodontia; M, Mammalia; Th, Theria. The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Table and S1 Data.