Isoflurane activates the type 1 ryanodine receptor to induce anesthesia in mice
Fig 7
Isoflurane-mimicking RyR1 agonists induce a sedation-like state.
(A, B) Representative transitions of EEG and EMG signals (A) and EEG power spectra (B) following the injection of 3-BP or saline as the control. N = 3 for both groups. In panel B, the line represents the mean value, and the shaded regions indicate the SEM. (C, D) Representative transitions of EEG and EMG signals (C) and EEG power spectra (Mean ± SEM) (D), following the injection of 4-MP or saline as the control. N = 3 for both groups. In panel D, the line represents the mean value, and the shaded regions show the SEM. (E) Dose–response curves of the loss of righting reflex (LORR) by isoflurane after saline or 3-BP. N = 9 for both groups. The shaded regions show 95% CIs. (F) Comparison of the concentrations at which mice reach LORR (Mean ± SD with individual data points). N = 9 for both groups. (G) LORR dose–response curves with isoflurane after saline or 4-MP injection. N = 9 for both groups. The shaded regions represent 95% CIs. (H) Comparing the concentrations at which mice reached LORR (Mean ± SD with individual data points). N = 9 for both groups. The data in panels E and G were fitted with logistic functions (equation 5 in Materials and methods). The P-value by the Student t test is shown in panels F and H. 3-BP, 3-bromophenol; 4-MP, 4-methylphenol; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; Iso., Isoflurane; LORR, loss of righting reflex.