Electrical Spinal Imaging: A noninvasive, high-resolution approach that enables electrophysiological mapping of the human spinal cord
Fig 2
Neural activity along the somatosensory pathways in response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist.
Responses recorded from the ipsilateral brachial plexus (eP8 and eN9, bottom row), the spinal cord (sP9, sN13, and sP22, middle row), and the cerebral cortex (cN20-cP25, top row). Left column: red waveforms are group-level averages, while the gray shade represents the standard deviation (±1 standard deviation). Right columns: dorsum and scalp maps obtained using cubic interpolation of multielectrode recordings (dorsum: 63 electrodes; scalp: 32 electrodes). Maps are shown at the latency of the eN9, sN13, and cN20 peaks. Red circles show the electrodes from which waveforms shown in the left column are extracted. Green circles show the reference electrode for both waveforms and maps: dorsal recordings are referenced to the most caudal electrode (S64), whereas scalp recordings are referenced to Fz. Enlargements show areas of maximal response amplitude. The data underlying this figure can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KHJCG.