Perceptual integration rapidly activates dorsal visual pathway to guide local processing in early visual areas
Fig 5
Experiment 2: TRF ROI source waveforms and granger causality analysis.
(A) Grand average (n = 16) plots for TRF source waveforms in the ROIs, defined according to source localization results, for L-TRF (left column) and F-TRF (right column) responses. Gray box indicates time ranges when the TRF responses showed significant activations compared to baseline (p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected). It is notable that for F-TRF responses (right column), IPS, V3a, V1, and LO showed sequential activations (right panel), which is consistent with the reversed hierarchical activation profile found in Experiment 1. Moreover, VAN and DMN showed earlier responses than IPS. (B) Granger causality analysis of activation time courses among ROIs for F-TRF (red) and L-TRF (blue). The solid arrows indicate significant causal effects (p < 0.05, permutation test); the dashed arrows indicate non-significant causal effects. The data underlying Fig 5 can be found in S1 Data. DMN, default mode network; EVA, early visual area; F-TRF, form coherence TRF; IPS, intraparietal sulcus; LO, lateral occipital; L-TRF, luminance TRF; IPS, intraparietal sulcus; ROIs, regions of interest; TRF, temporal response function; VAN, ventral attention network.