Genetic parallelism underpins convergent mimicry coloration in Lepidoptera across 120 million years of evolution

• Yacine Ben Chehida ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yacine Ben Chehida, Eva S. M. van der Heijden, Edward Page

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

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• Eva S. M. van der Heijden ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yacine Ben Chehida, Eva S. M. van der Heijden, Edward Page

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Edward Page ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yacine Ben Chehida, Eva S. M. van der Heijden, Edward Page

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-1025

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• Patricio A. Salazar C,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom, Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Neil Rosser,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Kimberly Gabriela Gavilanes Córdova,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador

  ⨯
• Mónica Sánchez-Prado,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador

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• María José Sánchez-Carvajal,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador

  ⨯
• Franz Chandi,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador

  ⨯
• Alex P. Arias-Cruz,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador

  ⨯
• Maya Radford,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Gerardo Lamas,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru

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• Chris D. Jiggins,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• James Mallet,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Melanie McClure,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratoire Écologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, Cayenne, France

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• Camilo Salazar,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia

  ⨯
• Marianne Elias,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, MNHN-CNRS-EPHE-SU-UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Collège de France-CNRS-INSERM-PSL, Paris, France, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama

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• Caroline N. Bacquet,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador

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• Nicola J. Nadeau,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

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• Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kanchon.dasmahapatra@york.ac.uk

  Affiliation Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-7019

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•  [ ... ],
• Joana I. Meier

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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