Biased sampling driven by bacterial population structure confounds machine learning prediction of antimicrobial resistance

• Yanying Yu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-5782

  ⨯
• Nicole E. Wheeler,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-9164

  ⨯
• Lars Barquist

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: lars.barquist@utoronto.ca

  Affiliations Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany, Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-2667

  ⨯