Nutrient connectivity via seabirds enhances dynamic measures of coral reef ecosystem function

Cassandra E. Benkwitt; Anna Zora; Ameer Ebrahim; Rodney Govinden; Ines D. Lange; Sean Evans; Melissa Schulze; Emma Cotton; Lucie Bennett; Nicholas A. J. Graham

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003222

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Nutrient connectivity via seabirds enhances dynamic measures of coral reef ecosystem function

Cassandra E. Benkwitt ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: c.benkwitt@lancaster.ac.uk

Affiliation Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-7958

⨯
Anna Zora,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fregate Island Sanctuary, Fregate Island, Seychelles
⨯
Ameer Ebrahim,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ameer Ebrahim Consulting, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
⨯
Rodney Govinden,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Seychelles Fishing Authority, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
⨯
Ines D. Lange,

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
⨯
Sean Evans,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation C/O Cousine Island Company Limited, Cousine Island, Providence, Mahé, Seychelles
⨯
Melissa Schulze,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation C/O Cousine Island Company Limited, Cousine Island, Providence, Mahé, Seychelles
⨯
Emma Cotton,

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Island Conservation Society, Pointe Larue, Mahé, Seychelles
⨯
Lucie Bennett,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ramos Marine and Island Reserve, Félicité Island, Seychelles
⨯
Nicholas A. J. Graham

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
⨯

Nutrient connectivity via seabirds enhances dynamic measures of coral reef ecosystem function

Cassandra E. Benkwitt,
Anna Zora,
Ameer Ebrahim,
Rodney Govinden,
Ines D. Lange,
Sean Evans,
Melissa Schulze,
Emma Cotton,
Lucie Bennett,
Nicholas A. J. Graham

Published: July 8, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003222

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Herbivory
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Algae
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Seabirds
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Ecological productivity
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