Neuronal responses in the human primary motor cortex coincide with the subjective onset of movement intention in brain–machine interface-mediated actions

• Jean-Paul Noel ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: noelx071@umn.edu

  Affiliations Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Minnesota Robotics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-3363

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• Marcie Bockbrader,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

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• Tommaso Bertoni,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations MySpace Lab, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

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• Sam Colachis,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Medical Devices and Neuromodulation, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

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• Marco Solca,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

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• Pavo Orepic,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

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• Patrick D. Ganzer,

  Roles Methodology, Resources, Software

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America

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• Patrick Haggard,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Ali Rezai,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

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• Olaf Blanke ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors are co-senior authors.

  Affiliation Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

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• Andrea Serino

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors are co-senior authors.

  Affiliations MySpace Lab, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

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