Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies

• Eti Ben Simon ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: etibens@berkeley.edu(EBS); mpwalker@berkeley.edu(MPW)

  Affiliation Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Raphael Vallat,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Aubrey Rossi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Software

  Affiliation Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Matthew P. Walker

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: etibens@berkeley.edu(EBS); mpwalker@berkeley.edu(MPW)

  Affiliations Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-6389

  ⨯