Little evidence for an effect of smoking on multiple sclerosis risk: A Mendelian Randomization study

• Ruth E. Mitchell ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth E. Mitchell, Kirsty Bates

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: r.mitchell@bristol.ac.uk

  Affiliations Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-160X

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• Kirsty Bates ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth E. Mitchell, Kirsty Bates

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-6983

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• Robyn E. Wootton,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Avon & Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-3202

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• Adil Harroud,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-7274

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• J. Brent Richards,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom

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• George Davey Smith,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314

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• Marcus R. Munafò

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-993X

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