Direct RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from patient nasopharyngeal swabs without an RNA extraction step

• Emily A. Bruce ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Emily A. Bruce, Meei-Li Huang

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emily.bruce@med.uvm.edu (EAB); kjerome@fredhutch.org (KRJ); jason.botten@med.uvm.edu (JWB)

  Affiliation Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-370X

  ⨯
• Meei-Li Huang ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Emily A. Bruce, Meei-Li Huang

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Garrett A. Perchetti,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3786-0509

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• Scott Tighe,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-0741

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• Pheobe Laaguiby,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica J. Hoffman,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-1611

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• Diana L. Gerrard,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  ⨯
• Arun K. Nalla,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Yulun Wei,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Alexander L. Greninger,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0527

  ⨯
• Sean A. Diehl,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Vaccine Testing Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9700-235X

  ⨯
• David J. Shirley,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Data Science Division, IXIS, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-0403

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• Debra G. B. Leonard,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, University of Vermont Health Network, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-4935

  ⨯
• Christopher D. Huston,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-139X

  ⨯
• Beth D. Kirkpatrick,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Vaccine Testing Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  ⨯
• Julie A. Dragon,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica W. Crothers,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, University of Vermont Health Network, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4594-5051

  ⨯
• Keith R. Jerome ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emily.bruce@med.uvm.edu (EAB); kjerome@fredhutch.org (KRJ); jason.botten@med.uvm.edu (JWB)

  ¶‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

  Affiliations Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-3789

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Jason W. Botten

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emily.bruce@med.uvm.edu (EAB); kjerome@fredhutch.org (KRJ); jason.botten@med.uvm.edu (JWB)

  ¶‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

  Affiliations Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Vaccine Testing Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-0306

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