Zinc protection of fertilized eggs is an ancient feature of sexual reproduction in animals

• Katherine L. Wozniak ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Katherine L. Wozniak, Rachel E. Bainbridge

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-2116

  ⨯
• Rachel E. Bainbridge ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Katherine L. Wozniak, Rachel E. Bainbridge

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-2030

  ⨯
• Dominique W. Summerville,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-6508

  ⨯
• Maiwase Tembo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-3606

  ⨯
• Wesley A. Phelps,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-2345

  ⨯
• Monica L. Sauer,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-1048

  ⨯
• Bennett W. Wisner,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-0934

  ⨯
• Madelyn E. Czekalski,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  ⨯
• Srikavya Pasumarthy,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7678-0566

  ⨯
• Meghan L. Hanson,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  ⨯
• Melania B. Linderman,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-5974

  ⨯
• Catherine H. Luu,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-4202

  ⨯
• Madison E. Boehm,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  ⨯
• Steven M. Sanders,

  Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Surgery and Immunology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-4785

  ⨯
• Katherine M. Buckley,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-8943

  ⨯
• Daniel J. Bain,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1979-7016

  ⨯
• Matthew L. Nicotra,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Surgery and Immunology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5361-8398

  ⨯
• Miler T. Lee,

  Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-0551

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Anne E. Carlson

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: acarlson@pitt.edu

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-1325

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