An Excitatory Loop with Astrocytes Contributes to Drive Neurons to Seizure Threshold

• Marta Gómez-Gonzalo ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Marta Gómez-Gonzalo, Gabriele Losi

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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• Gabriele Losi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Marta Gómez-Gonzalo, Gabriele Losi

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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• Angela Chiavegato,

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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• Micaela Zonta,

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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• Mario Cammarota,

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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• Marco Brondi,

  Affiliations National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Instituto Nanoscienze CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy, Institute of Neuroscience – CNR, Pisa, Italy

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• Francesco Vetri,

  Affiliation Institute of Neuroscience – CNR, Pisa, Italy

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• Laura Uva,

  Affiliation Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy

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• Tullio Pozzan,

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy

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• Marco de Curtis,

  Affiliation Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy

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• Gian Michele Ratto,

  Affiliations National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Instituto Nanoscienze CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy, Institute of Neuroscience – CNR, Pisa, Italy

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• Giorgio Carmignoto

  * E-mail: giorgio.carmignoto@bio.unipd.it

  Affiliations Institute of Neuroscience – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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