About the Authors

Michele Angelo Colombo

Contributed equally to this work with: Michele Angelo Colombo, Jacopo Favaro

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Jacopo Favaro

Contributed equally to this work with: Michele Angelo Colombo, Jacopo Favaro

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Ezequiel Mikulan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Andrea Pigorini

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, UOC Maxillo-facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Flavia Maria Zauli

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Philosophy “P. Martinetti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, ASST GOM Niguarda, “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, Milan, Italy

Ivana Sartori

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources

Affiliation ASST GOM Niguarda, “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, Milan, Italy

Piergiorgio d’Orio

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources

Affiliations ASST GOM Niguarda, “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, Milan, Italy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

Laura Castana

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation ASST GOM Niguarda, “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, Milan, Italy

Irene Toldo

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Stefano Sartori

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Neuroimmunology Group, Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Padua, Italy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Simone Sarasso

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Tim Bayne

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Philosophical, Historical and Indigenous Studies Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Brain, Mind, and Consciousness Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies (M3CS), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Anil K. Seth

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Brain, Mind, and Consciousness Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sussex Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom

Marcello Massimini

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

marcello.massimini@unimi.it

Affiliations Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Brain, Mind, and Consciousness Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: M.M. is co-founder and shareholder of Intrinsic Powers, Inc., a spin-off of the University of Milan; Si.Sa. is advisor of the same company. A.K.S. is an advisor to Conscium Ltd and AllJoined Inc. The remaining co-authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.