About the Authors

John P. A. Ioannidis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jioannid@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Angelo Maria Pezzullo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Antonio Cristiano

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Stefania Boccia

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Jeroen Baas

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Intelligence, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Competing Interests

JB is an Elsevier employee. Elsevier runs Scopus, which is the source of these data, and also runs the repository where the database of highly-cited scientists is now stored.