About the Authors

Alice Lu-Culligan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Alexandra Tabachnikova

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Eddy Pérez-Then

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ministry of Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Maria Tokuyama

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Hannah J. Lee

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Carolina Lucas

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Valter Silva Monteiro

Roles Data curation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Marija Miric

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Two Oceans in Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Vivian Brache

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Biomedical Research Department, Profamilia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Leila Cochon

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Biomedical Research Department, Profamilia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

M. Catherine Muenker

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Subhasis Mohanty

Roles Data curation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Jiefang Huang

Roles Data curation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Insoo Kang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Charles Dela Cruz

Roles Data curation, Resources

Affiliations Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Shelli Farhadian

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Melissa Campbell

Roles Data curation, Resources

Affiliation Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Inci Yildirim

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Albert C. Shaw

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Shuangge Ma

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Sten H. Vermund

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Albert I. Ko

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Saad B. Omer

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Akiko Iwasaki

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

akiko.iwasaki@yale.edu

Affiliations Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.