About the Authors

Alison McAfee

Affiliations Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Jeffery S. Pettis

Affiliation Pettis and Associates, Salisbury, Maryland, United States of America

David R. Tarpy

Affiliation Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Leonard J. Foster

foster@msl.ubc.ca

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JSP owns a company that provides consulting services for honey bee research.