About the Authors

Joshua D. Wallach

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Kevin W. Boyack

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation SciTech Strategies, Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America

John P. A. Ioannidis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

jioannid@stanford.edu

Affiliations Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.