About the Authors

Brendan J. Tunstall

Contributed equally to this work with: Brendan J. Tunstall, Dean Kirson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

brendan.tunstall@nih.gov

Affiliation Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Dean Kirson

Contributed equally to this work with: Brendan J. Tunstall, Dean Kirson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Alcohol Research Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Lia J. Zallar

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Sam A. McConnell

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Janaina C. M. Vendruscolo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Chelsea P. Ho

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Christopher S. Oleata

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Alcohol Research Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Sophia Khom

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Alcohol Research Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Maurice Manning

Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America

Mary R. Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lorenzo Leggio

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

George F. Koob

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Marisa Roberto

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are last authors and contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Alcohol Research Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Leandro F. Vendruscolo

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are last authors and contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.