About the Authors

Ruth Hershberg

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Hershberg, Mikhail Lipatov

Affiliation Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Mikhail Lipatov

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Hershberg, Mikhail Lipatov

Affiliation Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Peter M Small

Affiliations Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America , Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Hadar Sheffer

Affiliation Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Stefan Niemann

Affiliation Forschungszentrum Borstel, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany

Susanne Homolka

Affiliation Forschungszentrum Borstel, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany

Jared C Roach

Affiliation Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Kristin Kremer

Affiliation Mycobacteria Reference Unit (CIb-LIS), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Dmitri A Petrov

Affiliation Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Marcus W Feldman

Affiliation Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Sebastien Gagneux

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gagneux@nimr.mrc.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America , MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

RH, ML, PMS, DAP, MWF, and SG conceived and designed the experiments. RH, ML, HS, SH, and SG performed the experiments. RH, ML, SN, SH, JCR, and SG analyzed the data. PMS, SN, KK, and SG contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. RH, ML, PMS, DAP, MWF, and SG wrote the paper.