About the Authors

Franck Courchamp

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: franck.courchamp@u-psud.fr

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Elena Angulo

Contributed equally to this work with: Elena Angulo, Philippe Rivalan, Richard J Hall

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Philippe Rivalan

Contributed equally to this work with: Elena Angulo, Philippe Rivalan, Richard J Hall

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Richard J Hall

Contributed equally to this work with: Elena Angulo, Philippe Rivalan, Richard J Hall

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Laetitia Signoret

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Leigh Bull

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Yves Meinard

Affiliation Ecologie, Systématique, et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

FC conceived and designed the experiments. EA performed the experiments. FC, EA, PR, LS, LB, and YM analyzed the data. FC wrote the paper. RH constructed and analyzed the mathematical model. YM helped construct the mathematical model