About the Authors

Nicholas M Levinson

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas M Levinson, Olga Kuchment

Affiliations Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Olga Kuchment

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas M Levinson, Olga Kuchment

Affiliations Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Kui Shen

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Matthew A Young

¤ Current address: Department of Biological Chemistry and the Bioinformatics Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Michael Koldobskiy

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Martin Karplus

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Philip A Cole

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

John Kuriyan

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kuriyan@berkeley.edu

Affiliations Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

N. Levinson, O. Kuchment, K. Shen, M. Young, M. Karplus, P. Cole, and J. Kuriyan conceived and designed the experiments. N. Levinson, O. Kuchment, M. Young, and M. Koldobskiy performed the experiments. N. Levinson, O. Kuchment, M. Young, M. Koldobskiy, and J. Kuriyan analyzed the data. All authors contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. N. Levinson, O. Kuchment, K. Shen, M. Karplus, P. Cole, and J. Kuriyan wrote the paper.