About the Authors

Angus Davison

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: angus.davison@nott.ac.uk

Affiliations Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Japan, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Satoshi Chiba

Affiliation Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Japan

Nicholas H Barton

Affiliations Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Bryan Clarke

Affiliation Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

AD, SC, NHB, and BC conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, and wrote the paper.