About the Authors

Steven D Mason

Affiliation Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Richard A Howlett

Affiliation Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Matthew J Kim

Affiliation Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

I. Mark Olfert

Affiliation Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Michael C Hogan

Affiliation Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Wayne McNulty

Affiliation Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Reed P Hickey

Affiliation Cardiology Division, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Peter D Wagner

Affiliation Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

C. Ronald Kahn

Affiliation Joslin Diabetes Foundation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Frank J Giordano

Affiliation Cardiology Division, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Randall S Johnson

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rjohnson@biomail.ucsd.edu

Affiliation Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

 Conflicts of interest. The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

RSJ conceived and designed the experiments. SDM, RAH, MJK, IMO, WM, RPH, and FJG performed the experiments. SDM, RAH, MJK, IMO, MCH, PDW, FJG, and RSJ analyzed the data. CRK and RSJ contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. SDM and RSJ wrote the paper.