Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs that enhance viral fitness and immune evasion

• Harriet V. Mears,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-0885

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• George R. Young,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization

  Current address: MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK

  Affiliations RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-588X

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• Theo Sanderson,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization

  Affiliation Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Ruth Harvey,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Jamie Barrett-Rodger,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliations RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Rebecca Penn,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Vanessa Cowton,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Wilhelm Furnon,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Giuditta De Lorenzo,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy

  Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Margaret Crawford,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Genomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Daniel M. Snell,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Genomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Ashley S. Fowler,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Genomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Anob M. Chakrabarti,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliations RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, United Kingdom

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• Saira Hussain,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia

  Affiliation RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Ciarán Gilbride,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Edward Emmott,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-8178

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• Katja Finsterbusch,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Jakub Luptak,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Thomas P. Peacock,

  Roles Investigation

  Current address: The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Jérôme Nicod,

  Roles Supervision

  Affiliation Genomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2459-3480

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• Arvind H. Patel,

  Roles Funding acquisition

  Affiliations MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Genotype-to-Phenotype (G2P-UK) National Virology Consortium, London, United Kingdom

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• Massimo Palmarini,

  Roles Funding acquisition

  Affiliations MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Genotype-to-Phenotype (G2P-UK) National Virology Consortium, London, United Kingdom

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• Emma Wall,

  Roles Project administration, Resources

  Affiliations Crick/UCLH Legacy Study, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, University College London and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom

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• Bryan Williams,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

  Affiliation University College London and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom

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• Sonia Gandhi,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision

  Affiliation Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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• Charles Swanton,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision

  Affiliation Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

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•  [ ... ],
• David L. V. Bauer

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: david.bauer@crick.ac.uk

  Affiliations RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, Genotype-to-Phenotype (G2P-UK) National Virology Consortium, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-0368

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