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Table of Contents

February 2011

Cover

Destruction of blood vessels by an hemorrhagic virus and spread to adjacent tissues.

Issue Image

This fli1:GFP transgenic zebrafish larva has been inoculated with Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV), fixed 24 hours later, processed for whole-mount immunohistochemistry, and imaged with a confocal microscope to reveal virus-infected cells (anti-G-IHNV antibody, red), endothelial cells (GFP, green), and nuclei (blue). Infection of several vessels can be observed, especially at the top of the head, where loss of GFP expression has occurred, as well as infection of neighboring tissue. Although at this stage the larva does not display obvious macroscopic signs of disease, it is already doomed (see Ludwig et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001269).

Image Credit: Nuno Palha, Institut Pasteur

Opinion

Measles Outbreak in Africa—Is There a Link to the HIV-1 Epidemic?

Anna Nilsson, Francesca Chiodi

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001241

Pearls

New Models of Microsporidiosis: Infections in Zebrafish, C. elegans, and Honey Bee

Emily R. Troemel

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001243

Review

A Fresh Look at the Origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the Most Malignant Malaria Agent

Franck Prugnolle, Patrick Durand, Benjamin Ollomo, Linda Duval, Frédéric Ariey, Céline Arnathau, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Eric Leroy, François Renaud

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001283

Research Articles

The ESCRT-0 Component HRS is Required for HIV-1 Vpu-Mediated BST-2/Tetherin Down-Regulation

Katy Janvier, Annegret Pelchen–Matthews, Jean-Baptiste Renaud, Marina Caillet, Mark Marsh, Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001265

Entrapment of Viral Capsids in Nuclear PML Cages Is an Intrinsic Antiviral Host Defense against Varicella-Zoster Virus

Mike Reichelt, Li Wang, Marvin Sommer, John Perrino, Adel M. Nour, Nandini Sen, Armin Baiker, Leigh Zerboni, Ann M. Arvin

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001266

Transcription and Translation Products of the Cytolysin Gene psm-mec on the Mobile Genetic Element SCCmec Regulate Staphylococcus aureus Virulence

Chikara Kaito, Yuki Saito, Gentaro Nagano, Mariko Ikuo, Yosuke Omae, Yuichi Hanada, Xiao Han, Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai, Tomomi Hishinuma, Tadashi Baba, Teruyo Ito, Keiichi Hiramatsu, Kazuhisa Sekimizu

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001267

Charge-Surrounded Pockets and Electrostatic Interactions with Small Ions Modulate the Activity of Retroviral Fusion Proteins

Daniel Lamb, Alexander W. Schüttelkopf, Daan M. F. van Aalten, David W. Brighty

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001268

Whole-Body Analysis of a Viral Infection: Vascular Endothelium is a Primary Target of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Zebrafish Larvae

Marion Ludwig, Nuno Palha, Corinne Torhy, Valérie Briolat, Emma Colucci-Guyon, Michel Brémont, Philippe Herbomel, Pierre Boudinot, Jean-Pierre Levraud

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001269

Positive Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Tracking Patho-Adaptive Mutations Promoting Airways Chronic Infection

Irene Bianconi, Andrea Milani, Cristina Cigana, Moira Paroni, Roger C. Levesque, Giovanni Bertoni, Alessandra Bragonzi

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001270

Inhibition of Nox2 Oxidase Activity Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Inflammation

Ross Vlahos, John Stambas, Steven Bozinovski, Brad R. S. Broughton, Grant R. Drummond, Stavros Selemidis

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001271

In Situ Photodegradation of Incorporated Polyanion Does Not Alter Prion Infectivity

Justin R. Piro, Brent T. Harris, Surachai Supattapone

PLOS Pathogens: published February 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002001

BosR (BB0647) Controls the RpoN-RpoS Regulatory Pathway and Virulence Expression in Borrelia burgdorferi by a Novel DNA-Binding Mechanism

Zhiming Ouyang, Ranjit K. Deka, Michael V. Norgard

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001272

Relationship between Functional Profile of HIV-1 Specific CD8 T Cells and Epitope Variability with the Selection of Escape Mutants in Acute HIV-1 Infection

Guido Ferrari, Bette Korber, Nilu Goonetilleke, Michael K. P. Liu, Emma L. Turnbull, Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez, Natalie Hawkins, Steve Self, Sydeaka Watson, Michael R. Betts, Cynthia Gay, Kara McGhee, Pierre Pellegrino, Ian Williams, Georgia D. Tomaras, Barton F. Haynes, Clive M. Gray, Persephone Borrow, Mario Roederer, Andrew J. McMichael, Kent J. Weinhold

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001273

HTLV-1 bZIP Factor Induces T-Cell Lymphoma and Systemic Inflammation In Vivo

Yorifumi Satou, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, Tiejun Zhao, Mika Yoshida, Paola Miyazato, Ken Takai, Kei Shimizu, Koichi Ohshima, Patrick L. Green, Naganari Ohkura, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Masahiro Ono, Shimon Sakaguchi, Masao Matsuoka

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001274

Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3C Facilitates G1-S Transition by Stabilizing and Enhancing the Function of Cyclin D1

Abhik Saha, Sabyasachi Halder, Santosh K. Upadhyay, Jie Lu, Pankaj Kumar, Masanao Murakami, Qiliang Cai, Erle S. Robertson

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001275

The RON2-AMA1 Interaction is a Critical Step in Moving Junction-Dependent Invasion by Apicomplexan Parasites

Mauld Lamarque, Sébastien Besteiro, Julien Papoin, Magali Roques, Brigitte Vulliez-Le Normand, Juliette Morlon-Guyot, Jean-François Dubremetz, Sylvain Fauquenoy, Stanislas Tomavo, Bart W. Faber, Clemens H. Kocken, Alan W. Thomas, Martin J. Boulanger, Graham A. Bentley, Maryse Lebrun

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001276

Related Articles

  1. The C-Terminus of Toxoplasma RON2 Provides the Crucial Link between AMA1 and the Host-Associated Invasion Complex

Highly Efficient Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification

Nuria Gonzalez-Montalban, Natallia Makarava, Valeriy G. Ostapchenko, Regina Savtchenk, Irina Alexeeva, Robert G. Rohwer, Ilia V. Baskakov

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001277

NS2 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus Interacts with Structural and Non-Structural Proteins towards Virus Assembly

Costin-Ioan Popescu, Nathalie Callens, Dave Trinel, Philippe Roingeard, Darius Moradpour, Véronique Descamps, Gilles Duverlie, François Penin, Laurent Héliot, Yves Rouillé, Jean Dubuisson

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001278

Genetic Mapping Identifies Novel Highly Protective Antigens for an Apicomplexan Parasite

Damer P. Blake, Karen J. Billington, Susan L. Copestake, Richard D. Oakes, Michael A. Quail, Kiew-Lian Wan, Martin W. Shirley, Adrian L. Smith

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001279

Functional Coupling between HIV-1 Integrase and the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex for Efficient in vitro Integration into Stable Nucleosomes

Paul Lesbats, Yair Botbol, Guillaume Chevereau, Cédric Vaillant, Christina Calmels, Alain Arneodo, Marie-Line Andreola, Marc Lavigne, Vincent Parissi

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001280

Short-Lived IFN-γ Effector Responses, but Long-Lived IL-10 Memory Responses, to Malaria in an Area of Low Malaria Endemicity

Jiraprapa Wipasa, Lucy Okell, Supachai Sakkhachornphop, Chaisuree Suphavilai, Kriangkrai Chawansuntati, Witaya Liewsaree, Julius C. R. Hafalla, Eleanor M. Riley

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001281

The C-Terminus of Toxoplasma RON2 Provides the Crucial Link between AMA1 and the Host-Associated Invasion Complex

Jessica S. Tyler, John C. Boothroyd

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001282

Related Articles

  1. The RON2-AMA1 Interaction is a Critical Step in Moving Junction-Dependent Invasion by Apicomplexan Parasites

Atypical/Nor98 Scrapie Infectivity in Sheep Peripheral Tissues

Olivier Andréoletti, Leonor Orge, Sylvie L. Benestad, Vincent Beringue, Claire Litaise, Stéphanie Simon, Annick Le Dur, Hubert Laude, Hugh Simmons, Séverine Lugan, Fabien Corbière, Pierrette Costes, Nathalie Morel, François Schelcher, Caroline Lacroux

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001285

Small Molecule Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus RnpA Alter Cellular mRNA Turnover, Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity, and Attenuate Pathogenesis

Patrick D. Olson, Lisa J. Kuechenmeister, Kelsi L. Anderson, Sonja Daily, Karen E. Beenken, Christelle M. Roux, Michelle L. Reniere, Tami L. Lewis, William J. Weiss, Mark Pulse, Phung Nguyen, Jerry W. Simecka, John M. Morrison, Khalid Sayood, Oluwatoyin A. Asojo, Mark S. Smeltzer, Eric P. Skaar, Paul M. Dunman

PLOS Pathogens: published February 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001287

Innate Sensing of HIV-Infected Cells

Alice Lepelley, Stéphanie Louis, Marion Sourisseau, Helen K. W. Law, Julien Pothlichet, Clémentine Schilte, Laurence Chaperot, Joël Plumas, Richard E. Randall, Mustapha Si-Tahar, Fabrizio Mammano, Matthew L. Albert, Olivier Schwartz

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001284

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Monophosphate Is Involved in Toxoplasma Apicoplast Biogenesis

Lina Tawk, Jean-François Dubremetz, Philippe Montcourrier, Gaëtan Chicanne, Fabrice Merezegue, Véronique Richard, Bernard Payrastre, Markus Meissner, Henri J. Vial, Christian Roy, Kai Wengelnik, Maryse Lebrun

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001286

Targeted Disruption of py235ebp-1: Invasion of Erythrocytes by Plasmodium yoelii Using an Alternative Py235 Erythrocyte Binding Protein

Solabomi A. Ogun, Rita Tewari, Thomas D. Otto, Steven A. Howell, Ellen Knuepfer, Deirdre A. Cunningham, Zhengyao Xu, Arnab Pain, Anthony A. Holder

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001288

Secreted Bacterial Effectors That Inhibit Host Protein Synthesis Are Critical for Induction of the Innate Immune Response to Virulent Legionella pneumophila

Mary F. Fontana, Simran Banga, Kevin C. Barry, Xihui Shen, Yunhao Tan, Zhao-Qing Luo, Russell E. Vance

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001289

DC-SIGN Mediated Sphingomyelinase-Activation and Ceramide Generation Is Essential for Enhancement of Viral Uptake in Dendritic Cells

Elita Avota, Erich Gulbins, Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001290

The Rubella Virus Capsid Is an Anti-Apoptotic Protein that Attenuates the Pore-Forming Ability of Bax

Carolina S. Ilkow, Ing Swie Goping, Tom C. Hobman

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001291

Expression of P. falciparum var Genes Involves Exchange of the Histone Variant H2A.Z at the Promoter

Michaela Petter, Chin Chin Lee, Timothy J. Byrne, Katja E. Boysen, Jennifer Volz, Stuart A. Ralph, Alan F. Cowman, Graham V. Brown, Michael F. Duffy

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001292

Genital Tract Sequestration of SIV following Acute Infection

James B. Whitney, Peter T. Hraber, Corinne Luedemann, Elena E. Giorgi, Marcus G. Daniels, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Srinivas S. Rao, John R. Mascola, Gary J. Nabel, Bette T. Korber, Norman L. Letvin

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001293

A Viral microRNA Cluster Strongly Potentiates the Transforming Properties of a Human Herpesvirus

Regina Feederle, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Helmut Bannert, Helge Lips, Maja Bencun, Bryan R. Cullen, Henri-Jacques Delecluse

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001294

DNA Damage and Reactive Nitrogen Species are Barriers to Vibrio cholerae Colonization of the Infant Mouse Intestine

Bryan W. Davies, Ryan W. Bogard, Nicole M. Dupes, Tyler A. I. Gerstenfeld, Lyle A. Simmons, John J. Mekalanos

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001295

Wolbachia Infections in Anopheles gambiae Cells: Transcriptomic Characterization of a Novel Host-Symbiont Interaction

Grant L. Hughes, Xiaoxia Ren, Jose L. Ramirez, Joyce M. Sakamoto, Jason A. Bailey, Anne E. Jedlicka, Jason L. Rasgon

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001296

STAT2 Mediates Innate Immunity to Dengue Virus in the Absence of STAT1 via the Type I Interferon Receptor

Stuart T. Perry, Michael D. Buck, Steven M. Lada, Christian Schindler, Sujan Shresta

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001297

Compensatory Evolution of pbp Mutations Restores the Fitness Cost Imposed by β-Lactam Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Andrea G. Albarracín Orio, Germán E. Piñas, Paulo R. Cortes, Melina B. Cian, José Echenique

PLOS Pathogens: published February 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002000

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli P and Type 1 Fimbriae Act in Synergy in a Living Host to Facilitate Renal Colonization Leading to Nephron Obstruction

Keira Melican, Ruben M. Sandoval, Abdul Kader, Lina Josefsson, George A. Tanner, Bruce A. Molitoris, Agneta Richter-Dahlfors

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001298

The C-Terminal Domain of the Arabinosyltransferase Mycobacterium tuberculosis EmbC Is a Lectin-Like Carbohydrate Binding Module

Luke J. Alderwick, Georgina S. Lloyd, Hemza Ghadbane, John W. May, Apoorva Bhatt, Lothar Eggeling, Klaus Fütterer, Gurdyal S. Besra

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001299

Elite Suppressors Harbor Low Levels of Integrated HIV DNA and High Levels of 2-LTR Circular HIV DNA Compared to HIV+ Patients On and Off HAART

Erin H. Graf, Angela M. Mexas, Jianqing J. Yu, Farida Shaheen, Megan K. Liszewski, Michele Di Mascio, Stephen A. Migueles, Mark Connors, Una O'Doherty

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001300

Related Articles

  1. Correction: Elite Suppressors Harbor Low Levels of Integrated HIV DNA and High Levels of 2-LTR Circular HIV DNA Compared to HIV+ Patients On and Off HAART

The Genotype of Early-Transmitting HIV gp120s Promotes α4β7 –Reactivity, Revealing α4β7+/CD4+ T cells As Key Targets in Mucosal Transmission

Fatima Nawaz, Claudia Cicala, Donald Van Ryk, Katharine E. Block, Katija Jelicic, Jonathan P. McNally, Olajumoke Ogundare, Massimiliano Pascuccio, Nikita Patel, Danlan Wei, Anthony S. Fauci, James Arthos

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001301

The bZIP Transcription Factor MoAP1 Mediates the Oxidative Stress Response and Is Critical for Pathogenicity of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Min Guo, Yue Chen, Yan Du, Yanhan Dong, Wang Guo, Su Zhai, Haifeng Zhang, Suomeng Dong, Zhengguang Zhang, Yuanchao Wang, Ping Wang, Xiaobo Zheng

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001302

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Episomal Viral cDNAs Identify a Reservoir That Fuels Viral Rebound after Treatment Interruption and That Contributes to Treatment Failure

Mark Sharkey, Dunja Z. Babic, Thomas Greenough, Roy Gulick, Daniel R. Kuritzkes, Mario Stevenson

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001303

Type I Interferon Signaling Regulates Ly6Chi Monocytes and Neutrophils during Acute Viral Pneumonia in Mice

Sang-Uk Seo, Hyung-Joon Kwon, Hyun-Jeong Ko, Young-Ho Byun, Baik Lin Seong, Satoshi Uematsu, Shizuo Akira, Mi-Na Kweon

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001304

Critical Role of the Virus-Encoded MicroRNA-155 Ortholog in the Induction of Marek's Disease Lymphomas

Yuguang Zhao, Hongtao Xu, Yongxiu Yao, Lorraine P. Smith, Lydia Kgosana, James Green, Lawrence Petherbridge, Susan J. Baigent, Venugopal Nair

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001305

Trivalent Adenovirus Type 5 HIV Recombinant Vaccine Primes for Modest Cytotoxic Capacity That Is Greatest in Humans with Protective HLA Class I Alleles

Stephen A. Migueles, Julia E. Rood, Amy M. Berkley, Tiffany Guo, Daniel Mendoza, Andy Patamawenu, Claire W. Hallahan, Nancy A. Cogliano, Nicole Frahm, Ann Duerr, M. Juliana McElrath, Mark Connors

PLOS Pathogens: published February 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002002