Fig 1.
The Lemon Frost mutant of the common leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius.
(A) wild type; (B) heterozygous mutant; (C) homozygous mutant, with red arrow pointing to the eye lid; (D) blizzard mutant with minimal color; (E) Lemon Frost mutation (lf) on the blizzard background; (F-H) segregation of the lf allele. Lemon Frost (LF) denotes heterozygotes for the mutation; super LF denotes homozygotes for the mutation. All proportions are consistent with expectations for single-locus Mendelian inheritance (chi-square test p > 0.1).
Fig 2.
Tumor growth and metastasis in the Lemon Frost mutant.
Designations are homozygous mutant (lf/lf); heterozygous mutant (lf/+); wild type (+/+). (A) tumors in ventral skin; (B) thick layers of white tumor cells (lf/lf) vs. normal white cells (+/+); (C) outgrowth of white tumor cells (lf/+); (D) metastasis of white tumor cells in the liver and oral cavity. Red arrows: white colored tumor cells. Arrowhead in B: normal white cells.
Fig 3.
Localization of the Lemon Frost mutation.
(A) p-value for association with white color and (B) linkage disequilibrium for 28 markers syntenic to chicken chromosome 5 (red, ordered by synteny), 4 markers syntenic to chromosome 7 (cyan), and 16 markers without synteny information (green). Randomly selected markers that are not associated with white color (purple). (C) A schematic of the region showing synteny and gene annotation. (D) Fraction of markers showing expected allele frequency pattern in pools, plotted for 10kb windows along scaffold 996. The four windows with the highest fraction are marked by asterisks and span the location of the gene SPINT1. Windows with fewer than 5 variants were not plotted (dashed red lines). (E) Genome-wide distribution of the fraction of markers showing expected allele frequency pattern in pools for all 10 kb windows. The 4 highest windows on scaffold 996 (red arrows) marked in D are among the 6 highest windows in the entire genome.
Fig 4.
The lemon frost allele in a backcross.
(A) We genotyped 7 progeny with the Lemon Frost phenotype and 6 wild type progeny from the third generation of a backcross of Mr. Frosty to the Sunburst line for markers in the SPINT1 region and observed a consistent inheritance pattern. (B) Sequencing chromatogram of a heterozygous animal (lf/+) at an insertion marker. (C) Sequencing chromatogram of a homozygous animal (+/+) at the same insertion marker.