Figure 1.
Map of the spread of Neolithic farming cultures in Europe.
Shadings represent isochronous Neolithic archaeological cultures and black lines frontier zones between them. Analyzed sites in the Fertile Crescent are also located in the map. All dates are in years B.C.
Table 1.
Mitochondrial DNA typing of 15 Near Eastern PPNB skeletons.
Figure 2.
Contour map displaying the percentage of individuals of the database carrying PPNB haplotypes.
Only populations with clear geographic distribution were included. Gradients indicate the degree of similarity between PPNB and modern populations (dark: high; clear: small).
Table 2.
Cluster mean frequencies of each haplogroup.
Figure 3.
Plot of the two first principal components of the PCA-HCA performed using population haplogroup frequencies.
(A) General plot. (B) Zoom plot of Clusters 1, 2 and 3. Population grouping in 6 clusters after HCA is indicated by colors: Cluster 1 (green), Cluster 2 (red), Cluster 3 (orange), Cluster 4 (light blue), Cluster 5 (grey), Cluster 6 (dark blue). Population labels are described in Table S4.
Table 3.
Pairwise FST values between PPNB, Cardial/Epicardial, LBK-AVK and pooled modern populations from the Near East, Caucasus, South Asia, North-Eastern Africa and Europe.
Figure 4.
Contour map of Fst distances between the PPNB population and modern populations of the database.
Only populations with clear geographic distribution were included. Gradients indicate genetic distance between the PPNB and the modern populations (dark: small; clear: high).