Changes in both trans- and cis-regulatory elements mediate insecticide resistance in a lepidopteron pest, Spodoptera exigua
Fig 7
Schematic of the regulation of CYP321A8 by cis- and trans-acting factors.
In the resistant strain, constitutive overexpression of the trans-acting factors CncC and Maf act in combination with a cis-acting mutation in the promoter of CYP321A8, which facilitates binding of nuclear receptor, Knirps, enhancing the expression of CYP321A8 leading to insecticide resistance. In the susceptible strain, CncC and Maf are expressed at lower levels and there is no binding site for Knirps therefore, CYP321A8 expression is low making them susceptible to insecticides.