Changes in both trans- and cis-regulatory elements mediate insecticide resistance in a lepidopteron pest, Spodoptera exigua
Fig 3
CncC and Maf regulate the expression of CYP321A8 by binding to proximal and/or distal sites.
(A) Schematic representation of the CYP321A8 promoter deletions. (B) Analysis of the activity of CYP321A8 promoter deletions in reporter gene assays in the presence and absence of CncC/Maf. The luciferase activity was normalized with the Renilla luciferase activity. Error bars display SD. The full-length promoter and each truncated version were compared using Student’s t-test. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the luciferase activity are indicated using an asterisk.