The UBR-1 ubiquitin ligase regulates glutamate metabolism to generate coordinated motor pattern in Caenorhabditis elegans
Fig 6
Glutamate level is elevated in ubr-1 mutants.
A-C) Free amino acid measured by HPLC, normalized against total protein in the lysate. Levels in mutants were normalized to that of wildtype. A) Glutamate level was increased in ubr-1, but decreased in got-1 mutants; the increase in glutamate was reversed in ubr-1; got-1, but not in ubr-1 got-2 mutants. B) Aspartate exhibited a modest increase in ubr-1, but massive accumulation in got-1 and ubr-1; got-1 mutants. The Y-axis utilizes two different scales (0.5 to 4.0, 4.0 to 40, respectively) to accommodate vastly different values. C) Alanine was significantly decreased in both got-1 and ubr-1; got-1 mutants. D-F) Metabolites measured by LC-MS/MS. D) OAA were significantly decreased in all mutants; α-KG did not exhibit consistent changes. E) The ratio of AMP to ATP was increased in got-1 and ubr-1; got-1 whereas ubr-1 mutants did not show significant changes. F) The ratio of NADP to NADPH was increased in got-1 and ubr-1; got-1 mutants (left panel), while that of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSH) was decreased in both mutants (right panel). ubr-1 mutants show no significant change in either ratio. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 by the Student T test. Horizontal lines represent mean values.