Getting to GRIPS with MR-Egger: Modelling directional pleiotropy independently of allele coding

Frank Dudbridge; Bethany Voller; Ruby M. Woodward; Katie L. Saxby; Timothy M. Frayling; Luke C. Pilling; Jack Bowden

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011967

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Peer-reviewed

Getting to GRIPS with MR-Egger: Modelling directional pleiotropy independently of allele coding

Frank Dudbridge ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: frank.dudbridge@leicester.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-8908

⨯
Bethany Voller,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7189-1375

⨯
Ruby M. Woodward,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-2995

⨯
Katie L. Saxby,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
⨯
Timothy M. Frayling,

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
⨯
Luke C. Pilling,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-8454

⨯
Jack Bowden

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-3304

⨯

Getting to GRIPS with MR-Egger: Modelling directional pleiotropy independently of allele coding

Frank Dudbridge,
Bethany Voller,
Ruby M. Woodward,
Katie L. Saxby,
Timothy M. Frayling,
Luke C. Pilling,
Jack Bowden

Published: December 30, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011967

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