The Triangulation WIthin a STudy (TWIST) framework for causal inference within pharmacogenetic research

• Jack Bowden ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: j.bowden2@exeter.ac.uk

  Affiliation Exeter Diabetes Group (ExCEED), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-3304

  ⨯
• Luke C Pilling,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Epidemiology and Public Health Group, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-8454

  ⨯
• Deniz Türkmen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Epidemiology and Public Health Group, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-5625

  ⨯
• Chia-Ling Kuo,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Conneticut, Farmington, Conneticut, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-2380

  ⨯
• David Melzer

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Epidemiology and Public Health Group, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-3838

  ⨯