Evolutionary analyses of the major variant surface antigen-encoding genes reveal population structure of Plasmodium falciparum within and between continents

• Gerry Tonkin-Hill,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-2224

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• Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia

  Affiliation School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-179X

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• Kathryn E. Tiedje,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bio21 Institute and Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-0533

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• Virginie Rougeron,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Laboratoire MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, Montpellier, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-5681

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• Michael F. Duffy,

  Roles Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bio21 Institute and Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-4033

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• Sedigheh Zakeri,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

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• Tepanata Pumpaibool,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliations Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Malaria Research Programme, College of Public Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-2597

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• Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliations Malaria Research Programme, College of Public Health Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-6656

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• OraLee H. Branch,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliations Concordia University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-6906

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• Lastenia Ruiz-Mesía,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-5416

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• Thomas S. Rask,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

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• Franck Prugnolle,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Laboratoire MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, Montpellier, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-1253

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• Anthony T. Papenfuss,

  Roles Supervision

  Affiliations Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-8506

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• Yao-ban Chan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-8775

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• Karen P. Day

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Karen.Day@unimelb.edu.au

  Affiliations School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bio21 Institute and Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6135

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