Local adaptation drives the diversification of effectors in the fungal wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum in the United States

• Jonathan K. Richards,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

  ⨯
• Eva H. Stukenbrock,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-3345

  ⨯
• Jessica Carpenter,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

  ⨯
• Zhaohui Liu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision

  Affiliation Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christina Cowger,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-2541

  ⨯
• Justin D. Faris,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schaefer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

  ⨯
• Timothy L. Friesen

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: timothy.friesen@usda.gov

  Affiliations Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schaefer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-2200

  ⨯